Roadside dusts and soils contamination in Cincinnati,Ohio, USA

Roadside dusts and soils were collected from various nonindustrial districts in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, and analyzed for lead and copper contents. Results showed that the recent lead phase-down action has reduced the level of lead, but the concentrations of both metals are still higher than the background levels for normal soil. Elevated concentrations of copper in heavily traveled highways were noted, suggesting that much of the copper pollutants is probably of automotive origin. The concentration of lead was found to vary with housing age, and higher levels of contamination in the older neighborhoods were observed. This result is probably ascribable to the accumulation of residues from leaded gasoline and lead-based paint in the past and the use of coal fire for space heating in older houses.     

试论浙江建德群和磨石山群时代

根据 8 0年代以来对浙江中生代晚期火山岩同位素年代学的研究资料 ,浙江省建德群和磨石山群火山岩年龄在 135～ 117Ma之间 ,永康群、天台群和衢江群火山岩年龄在 111～90Ma。结合近年来中国东部侏罗—白垩系界线研究的新成果 ,提出浙江建德群和磨石山群时代应为早白垩世     

Temporal changes in Ohio amniocentesis utilization during the first twelve years (1972–1983), and frequency of chromosome abnormalities observed

The history of amniocentesis utilization in the seventh largest state of the United States is documented from its inception in 1972 through the first half of 1984. Amniocentesis utilization ratios for Ohio residents aged ⩾35 have increased from 0.21 per cent (19/9091) in 1972 to 23.4 per cent (1655/7531) in 1983, representing an average annual growth rate of 43.1 per cent. Of the amniocenteses performed from January 1, 1978–July 1, 1984, 71 per cent were referred for advanced maternal age (⩾35), 15 per cent for maternal anxiety (30–34), 10 per cent for family history or previous child with a genetic defect, and 4 per cent for other reasons. Between 1978-1983 utilization by women 45 years of age was only 20 per cent higher than women 35 even though their risk of giving birth to a Down syndrome child was about one order of magnitude higher. In addition, various factors were tested as to whether they affected utilization of amniocentesis by women ⩾35 during 1978 1983. A strong correlation of +0.89 existed between county population size and utilization ratios. No difference in utilization was found between whites and nonwhites, regardless of county population size. When utilization ratios were compared separately between Protestants, Catholics and other religions in Ohio's most populated county, no statistical differences were found. From 1978–July 1, 1984, the frequency of all cytogenetically abnormal chromosome results observed in Ohio amniocenteses to women ⩾35 was 2.48 per cent (187/7536). Of these, 2.15 per cent (162/7536) had unbalanced karyotypes. Future maximum amniocentesis utilization for women ⩾35 is estimated at 60–70 per cent.     

赣东北岩浆混合杂岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄

赣东北横峰县港边岩浆混合杂岩体组成极为复杂,具有明显的岩浆混合特点,偏酸性岩浆端员、基性岩浆端员、岩浆混合单位等在野外均能见及。该岩浆混合杂岩体中偏酸性端员肉红色角闪石石英正长岩中颗粒级锆石U Pb定年结果表明,其形成时代为445±4Ma,反映为加里东期产物;同时获得的残留锆石U Pb年龄值2958±62Ma,说明该岩浆混合杂岩体中存在中太古代残留锆石,该年龄值也是目前已知的江西省境内最老的残留锆石U Pb年龄值。     

金矿床测年方法的某些进展

本文系统地阐述了国内外有关金矿床同位素定年方面的最新进展和古地磁法、天然裂变径迹法的基本原理 ,并对常用同位素定年法的适用性和局限性进行了评述     

应用蝶啶荧光分析法推断巨尾阿丽蝇成虫日龄

为探明蝶啶荧光分析法在尸食性蝇类成虫日龄推断中的应用潜力,采用荧光分光光度计对4种恒温和自然变温下巨尾阿丽蝇(Aldrichina grahami)雌雄成虫头壳蝶啶含量与日龄的关系进行了研究.结果表明,性别、温度和日龄对成虫蝶啶含量均有显著影响,其中日龄为最主要的影响因子.在16℃、20℃、24℃和28℃下,雌雄成虫头壳蝶啶含量与日龄均呈显著的线性关系(P<0.01,R2>0.90).蝶啶积累速率与温度也呈显著的线性关系.应用蝶啶荧光分析法对自然变温下巨尾阿丽蝇雌雄成虫日龄的估计表明,估计日龄与实际日龄呈显著的线性关系,其中雌成虫日龄估计误差平均为2.68d,雄成虫为±1.56d.以上研究结果表明,蝶啶荧光分析法在巨尾阿丽蝇成虫尤其是雄成虫日龄的推断中具有较大的应用价值.图4表2参19     

Benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes in ambient air and Pinus sylvestris L. needles: a comparative study between Belgium, Hungary and Latvia

Concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes (BTEX) in ambient air and in 1 yr old Pinus sylvestris pine needles were monitored along a busy road, petrol station and rural area of Belgium, Hungary and Latvia in a 1 yr period. To test P. sylvestris as a possible biomonitor for the BTEX concentrations, samples were taken in the four seasons. As the distribution of data was not normal, the level of pollution on different sites and seasons was compared and evaluated by non-parametric tests. The measured air concentrations did not differ significantly from one season to another throughout the year. There were, however, differences between sampling places. The C₂-alkylbenzene and toluene concentrations in the needles were similar in the autumn/winter and spring/summer periods but a significant decrease in their concentration was observed in every place between winter and spring. This effect was less obvious for toluene.