AOD渣中铬的连续淋溶特性及其动力学模型的构建

为评价AOD(氩氧脱碳炉)渣的淋溶毒性,采用连续20 d的静态淋溶试验,研究了中性和酸性淋溶液对AOD炉渣中Cr(铬)淋溶特性的影响,以累积溶出率构建了Cr淋溶动力学模型. 结果表明:在连续淋溶过程中,淋溶液pH(9.6~11.5)始终保持碱性,DO(溶解氧)基本处于饱和状态,淋溶液还原性呈降低趋势;随着淋溶时间的延长,淋溶液中Cr6+、TCr和Cr3+的累积溶出率呈增加趋势,不同初始淋溶液pH(2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0)下,连续淋溶20 d时Cr6+、TCr和Cr3+的累积溶出率分别是淋溶2 d时的10.1~22.2、7.5~15.6、6.3~17.1倍;与中性和弱酸性淋溶液相比,连续淋溶20 d,酸性较强的淋溶液中Cr6+、TCr和Cr3+的累积溶出率分别为其3.1~6.6、1.6~3.2和1.8~2.1倍;与短期静态淋溶相比,连续淋溶增加了淋溶液总量,尽管ρ(Cr)变化较小,但TCr累积溶出率显著增加;双常数速率、抛物线和指数模型均可拟合淋溶液中Cr6+、TCr和Cr3+的累积溶出率,其中,抛物线模型的相关系数均在0.99以上,是最佳模型. AOD渣中Cr的连续淋溶动力学模型的构建可为不锈钢渣中Cr的淋溶毒性及其生态风险评价奠定试验和理论基础.      

中性高锰酸钾贮备液稳定性探讨

对不同温度下的高锰酸钾贮备液进行多次定量稀释并标定,实验结果表明,高锰酸钾浓度基本不变。     

稀土掺杂TiO2膨润土光催化降解中性红的研究

文章主要以膨润土为载体,钛酸正四丁酯和硫酸高铈为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土掺杂TiO2膨润土复合光催化剂,用XRD和SEM对稀土掺杂TiO2膨润土的结构和形貌进行表征,表征结果表明其具有很高的比表面积,并且存在明显的锐钛矿型TiO2晶型特征峰.研究催化剂的用量、染料的初始浓度、光照时间、pH值等因素对中性红染料脱色...     

东湖沉积物营养状况的BP神经网络模型研究

运用人工神经网络对东湖沉积物营养状况进行了模拟研究.以东湖三个样点柱状沉积物的TN、TP、TOC、SRP、TSL、pH6个因子作为网络模型的输入变量,建立了训练样本和测试样本,同时采用有机指数值作为输出变量,对东湖沉积物营养状况进行评价分析.通过模型分析,结果显示东湖沉积物处于肥污染状态.在2008年6月采得的数据样本...     

Carbon‐neutral jet‐fuel re‐synthesised from sequestrated CO2

A chemical pathway combining reverse water gas shift, Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis and hydro‐cracking was considered to re‐synthesise jet fuel from CO₂ captured at high purity by oxy‐fuelling of a typical coal‐fired power station (Drax, UK). The oxygen for oxy‐fuelling and hydrogen for the fuel re‐synthesis process are sourced by electrolysis of water. According to material and energy balances , 3.1 MT/year of jet fuel and 1.6 MT/year each of gas oil and naphtha can be produced from the Drax annual emissions of 20 MT of CO₂, sufficient to supply 23% of the UK jet fuel requirements. The overall re‐synthesis requires 16.9 GW, to be sourced renewably from (offshore) wind power, and releases 4.4 GW of exothermic energy giving scope for improvements via process integration. The energy re‐synthesis penalty was 82% ideally and 95% on a practical basis. With the cost of offshore wind power predicted to reduce to 2.0 p/kWh by 2020, this ‘re‐syn’ jet fuel would be competitive with conventional jet fuel, especially if carbon taxes apply. The re‐use of CO₂ sequestrated from coal power stations to form jet‐fuel would halve the combined CO₂ emissions from the coal power and aviation sectors.     

Wastewater treatment meets artificial photosynthesis: Solar to green fuel production,water remediation and carbon emission reduction

• Mitigating energy utilization and carbon emission is urgent for wastewater treatment. • MPEC integrates both solar energy storage and wastewater organics removal. • Energy self-sustaining MPEC allows to mitigate the fossil carbon emission. • MPEC is able to convert CO₂ into storable carbon fuel using renewable energy. • MPEC would inspire photoelectrochemistry by employing a novel oxidation reaction. Current wastewater treatment (WWT) is energy-intensive and leads to vast CO₂ emissions. Chinese pledge of “double carbon” target encourages a paradigm shift from fossil fuels use to renewable energy harvesting during WWT. In this context, hybrid microbial photoelectrochemical (MPEC) system integrating microbial electrochemical WWT with artificial photosynthesis (APS) emerges as a promising approach to tackle water-energy-carbon challenges simultaneously. Herein, we emphasized the significance to implement energy recovery during WWT for achieving the carbon neutrality goal. Then, we elucidated the working principle of MPEC and its advantages compared with conventional APS, and discussed its potential in fulfilling energy self-sustaining WWT, carbon capture and solar fuel production. Finally, we provided a strategy to judge the carbon profit by analysis of energy and carbon fluxes in a MPEC using several common organics in wastewater. Overall, MPEC provides an alternative of WWT approach to assist carbon-neutral goal, and simultaneously achieves solar harvesting, conversion and storage.     

长三角对流层甲醛柱浓度时空变化及驱动因素

通过OMI卫星数据分析了2005~2016年长江三角洲对流层甲醛柱浓度的时空变化规律.同时结合2008年和2010年各部门VOCs人为源排放量,利用BP神经网络和RBFN神经网络模型对对流层甲醛柱浓度进行了县域尺度上的回归模拟和各部门排放量贡献度分析.结果表明：长三角城市群对流层甲醛柱浓度在2005~2010年存在着增加趋势,2011~2016年甲醛浓度有下降的趋势.高值区域分布在皖北苏北、上海及其附近,低值区域分布在浙西南一带.人为源排放使得经济发达地区的甲醛柱浓度显著增高.工业源在长三角的分布较为广泛,电力源分布稀疏且VOC排放量远小于工业源排放量,居民源的VOC排放量介于工业源和电力源之间,有明显的南北差异.交通源主要集中在苏南、浙北和上海附近,少部分沿交通线条状分布.机器学习算法可以较好地利用人为源排放数据对甲醛柱浓度进行模拟.神经网络的拟合精度可以达到0.6~0.8,比线性回归的拟合精度超出0.3~0.4.模型变量重要性计算显示各部门中居民源对甲醛柱浓度的贡献程度最高.研究对流层甲醛柱浓度的长期时空变化及其影响因素有利于深入研究臭氧污染,同时也为大气治理和政策制定提供了科学依据.     

单桩负摩阻力计算方法比较分析

桩基工程中桩侧负摩阻力所产生的作用于桩体上的下拽力,可能引起桩体破坏、桩基不均匀沉降等诸多工程灾害。为此,工程师们建立了许多单桩负摩阻力计算公式,但是由于这些公式各自的适用性和局限性,计算结果差别较大。首先介绍了目前国内外用于计算单桩负摩阻力及确定中性点位置的几种常用方法:极限分析法、荷载传递法、弹性或弹塑性理论法、剪切位移法和数值分析法;再结合具体工程实例,对以上几种方法进行比较,指出各自的适用条件、优缺点等,为工程设计提供参考。     

混凝土徐变对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁的挠度影响

根据混凝土徐变规律,推导CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁的徐变计算公式,分析混凝土徐变对CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁中和轴的影响,建立CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁的挠度计算模型;通过实例分析、验证计算模型的有效性,研究成果可供碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土结构设计参考。     

BP网络应用于长江水质研究

运用我国地面水环境质量标准(GB3838-88)作为学习样本,选取了包括氧平衡参数、营养元素、重金属离子、油类等14个指标,运用人工神经网络BP模型对长江干流和主要支流(含湖泊)的水环境质量进行分类研究。将计算结果与GIS数字化图形相结合,表明长江干流和大部分支流水质状况基本良好,上游支流沱江、下游支流大运河及太湖已受到较为严重的污染;长江干流城镇区段已经受到一定程度的污染。