Daily Bank Erosion Rates in the Lower Yellow River Before and After Dam Construction

During the period of water impoundment and sediment detention of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, riverbank erosion processes played a key role in the channel evolution of the Lower Yellow River (LYR). However, research into bank erosion rates of the LYR has been neglected due to the lack of direct field monitoring. In this study, an indirect method is proposed to determine bank erosion rates at daily time scales by outlining a detailed calculation procedure using measured hydrological data. A total of 810 data points of daily bank erosion rates before and after the construction of Sanmenxia Dam was calculated at seven hydrometric sections along the LYR, with the corresponding values of the bank stability coefficient and the width‐to‐depth ratio also being calculated. Empirical relations were then developed to estimate the daily bank erosion rates, using these parameters at the sections. Temporal and spatial variability in daily bank erosion rates in the LYR before and after dam construction were also investigated, revealing that: (1) the bank erosion rates had a mean value of 16.7‐29.1 m/day in the braided reach, with a maximum value of 290.0 m/day, while they were relatively low in the meandering reach, with a mean value of 2.5 m/day; (2) the erosion rates before dam construction were slightly greater than those after dam construction, with the difference reaching 5‐10 m/day in the braided reach, decreasing in the transitional reach gradually, and being slight in the meandering reach.     

生态校园建设现状分析

生态校园建设的类型主要有:景观园林设计型、生态技术型、教育管理型.通过在校园内建立生态环境体系,使校园内有限的资源得到循环、合理、科学的使用,提高学校生态环境质量.     

旅游循环经济理念下的珠江源旅游区建设初探

旅游循环经济是发展旅游业一种新的指导思想,是实现旅游业可持续发展的新范式。针对珠江源旅游区的现状,根据旅游循环经济资源循环利用和保护并重的理念,探讨其在旅游区的林地系统利用建设、湿地系统利用建设、岩溶地貌系统利用建设、旅游服务设施系统利用建设方面的应用。     

Sustainable construction--the role of environmental assessment tools

Construction has been accused of causing environmental problems ranging from excessive consumption of global resources both in terms of construction and building operation to the pollution of the surrounding environment, and research on green building design and using building materials to minimise environmental impact is already underway. However, relying on the design of a project to achieve the goal of sustainable development, or to minimise impacts through appropriate management on site, is not sufficient to handle the current problem. The aim for sustainability assessment goes even further than at the design stage of a project to consider its importance at an early stage, before any detailed design or even before a commitment is made to go ahead with a development. However, little or no concern has been given to the importance of selecting more environmentally friendly designs during the project appraisal stage; the stage when environmental matters are best incorporated. The main objectives of this paper are to examine the development, role and limitations of current environmental building assessment methods in ascertaining building sustainability used in different countries which leads to discuss the concept of developing a. sustainability model for project appraisal based on a multi-dimensional approach, that will allow alternatives to be ranked is discussed in detail in the paper.     

浅谈建筑施工噪声的网络化管理

通过《南宁市环境信息综合管理系统》中建筑施工噪声管理子系统的重点研究和建设,对建设施工项目审批、中午夜间施工许可登记及施工噪声投诉实时监控,加强监督,改善了管理环节,提高了管理效能,取得了良好的效果。     

火灾频发暴露我国城市公共安全系统脆弱性

为剖析近来我国火灾事故频发的原因,以上海＂11·15＂火灾事故为典型案例,分析了事件灾害过程和行为特征。结果提示：事件过程所暴露的风险管理疏失;安全基础设施薄弱;应急准备欠缺和应急响应能力不足等现象,凸显我国城市公共安全领域的系统脆弱性。系统脆弱性可能是导致＂11·15＂火灾事故发生与成灾的主要原因,作者认为系统脆弱性存在实质是公共安全体系的结构性缺陷。建议应从制度化建设入手,注意克服系统脆弱性,以加强公共安全保障能力,提高社会管理水平。     

地铁盾构施工风险评估与风险规避研究

深圳地铁二号线2202标段包括科苑站—红树湾站—世界之窗站,大部分采用盾构法施工。盾构隧道处于砂质粘性土地层填海地层,下穿4栋高尔夫别墅,存在基岩隆起、孤石和易出现施工扰动等情况。对2202标盾构施工进行安全评估,指出盾构机选型、盾构机进出洞及盾构施工过程中的风险源,如始发方向失控、盾尾卡死、洞口土体坍塌、地面建筑物出现不均匀沉降等,进而强调在施工过程中要正确辨识风险源,并根据地质、水文和周围环境条件研究采取适当的规避风险措施。     

模糊综合评判法在西部地区高速公路施工现场安全评判中的应用

目前随着高速公路建设的飞速发展,引发了施工现场的安全管理难度剧增,及时、正确地掌握和评判施工现场安全状况是预防和控制安全事故发生的有效途径。但公路施工领域安全评判涉及的因素很多,模糊性大、动态变化复杂是最显著的特性,因素之间互相作用使结果可变性很大,如何对受多种因素制约的事物或对象做出一个总体的评价是目前一个很重要的问题。模糊综合评判法可把定性评价转化为定量评价,能较好地解决模糊的、难以量化的问题。但由于该法使用的评语常带有模糊性,各影响因素的权重通常是专家凭经验给出,从而影响评判结果的客观性。而层次分析法适用于多方案或多目标的决策,可将定性与定量的分析相结合,可以减少评价中因主观性所带来的弊端,使评价结果更可信。本文在研究模糊综合评判法和层次分析法优缺点的基础上,将二者结合起来,建立西部地区高速公路施工现场安全状况评价的模型,利用该模型得出公路施工现场安全状况,为施工现场的安全管理和事故防治提供依据。     

海域岩土工程勘察施工工艺

海域岩土工程勘察因受风浪、潮汐、定位等因素影响,与陆地勘察相比,施工工艺差异较大。本文以深圳西港区(位于珠江口)某航道工程为例,详细介绍其施工工艺,以期对海域勘察工程实施有一定的参考意义。     

中国广告人才现状研究

广告人作为广告业的主体,是广告公司竞争发展的首要因素,也是广告业发展的决定因素。本文从中国广告业迅猛发展的情势入手,分析了中国广告业求贤若渴的势态,以及我国广告从业人员的现状和广告公司需要什么样的广告人等几个要素。