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901.
付晓杰 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2004,14(1):92
2004年教育工作将突出两大战略重点,其中大力加强高水平大学和重点学科建设,是适应全面建设小康社会的要求,促进高等教育和职业教育与经济社会发展的紧密结合.文章从实践"三个代表"的高度,提出建设"一流大学"或"高水平大学"必须特别注重塑造大学精神;并立足教书育人,结合实际工作探讨了解决问题的对策. 相似文献
902.
Development and Adoption of a Simple Nonpoint Source Pollution Model for Port Phillip Bay,Australia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
New computing tools and approaches allow tailored development of software to meet the needs of environmental managers. The processes required for such tailoring fit well with adaptive management concepts where, as knowledge and system understanding develop among managers, the software can be developed or replaced to match. This paper reports on development and adoption of a simple nonpoint source pollution modeling tool, including technical aspects of data support for modeling and social aspects of software design. The software, named FILTER, used a unit load model to generate expected pollutant loads from subcatchments of Port Phillip Bay, Australia. Monitoring data were used for calibration to modify the delivery of generated pollutants to receiving waters. Spatial, tabular, and charting software components were used to provide alternative forms of output visualization. FILTER was developed using a process that resulted in manager-stakeholders taking responsibility for setting of model parameter values and operation of the user interface, thereby encouraging uptake. The inclusive development process, tailoring of the software to manager needs and styles of usage, and matching of model complexity to data and knowledge, resulted in a successful application that has become the current agreed system representation among disparate stakeholder organizations. 相似文献
903.
904.
Chen Guojie 《中国减灾(英文版)》2002,(3)
Bytheendofthe 2 0thcentury ,themajorityofmountainregionsinChina ,especiallythosepoverty strickenareas,hadsolvedtheproblemsoffoodandclothing .Theyarenowmarchingtowardthegoaloflivingawell offlife .Newchallengesthatthemountainregionsarefacedwithinthe 2 1stcentur… 相似文献
905.
Human impacts on the stream-groundwater exchange zone 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Hancock PJ 《Environmental management》2002,29(6):763-781
Active exchanges of water and dissolved material between the stream and groundwater in many porous sand- and gravel-bed rivers
create a dynamic ecotone called the hyporheic zone. Because it lies between two heavily exploited freshwater resources—rivers
and groundwater—the hyporheic zone is vulnerable to impacts coming to it through both of these habitats. This review focuses
on the direct and indirect effects of human activity on ecosystem functions of the hyporheic zone. River regulation, mining,
agriculture, urban, and industrial activities all have the potential to impair interstitial bacterial and invertebrate biota
and disrupt the hydrological connections between the hyporheic zone and stream, groundwater, riparian, and floodplain ecosystems.
Until recently, our scientific ignorance of hyporheic processes has perhaps excused the inclusion of this ecotone in river
management policy. However, this no longer is the case as we become increasingly aware of the central role that the hyporheic
zone plays in the maintenance of water quality and as a habitat and refuge for fauna. To fully understand the impacts of human
activity on the hyporheic zone, river managers need to work with scientists to conduct long-term studies over large stretches
of river. River rehabilitation and protection strategies need to prevent the degradation of linkages between the hyporheic
zone and surrounding habitats while ensuring that it remains isolated from toxicants. Strategies that prevent anthropogenic
restriction of exchanges may include the periodic release of environmental flows to flush silt and reoxygenate sediments,
maintenance of riparian buffers, effective land use practices, and suitable groundwater and surface water extraction policies. 相似文献
906.
长江流域生态环境的意义及生态功能区段的划分 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
虞孝感 《长江流域资源与环境》2002,11(4):323-326
中国加入WTO之后,中国经济进一步与国际市场接轨,融入世界经济体系,机遇和挑战同在。欧美各国近年大力推行的环境标志产品认证,对第三世界商品质量设置入关的环境门槛。长江产业带作为世界最大的内河产业带和制造业基地,现在世界通行的环境管理认证体系和环境标志产品的认证,对长江流域产业尤其是外贸出口产业有长远而深刻的影响。这种认证制度,一方面对我出口商品设置了新的障碍,另一方面又将环境保护压力直接施加到企业。重视流域生态环境将从政府行为、公民压力扩展到企业行动,由于流域生态环境的负荷愈来愈重,流域生态环境的自我调节和恢复功能大幅下降,引起了日益严重的流域性生态安全问题。根据长江流域生态环境特征、不同的生态功能及存在的主要生态安全问题,将长江流域划性生态安全问题。根据长江流域生态环境特征、不同的生态功能及存在的主要生态安全问题,将长江流域划分成以下五个不同的生态功能区段,即长江源地区、金少江段(直门达至宜宾)、长江上游段(宜宾至宜昌)、长江中游段(宜昌至湖口段)、长江下游段(湖口至入海口)。针对不同区段主要的生态安全问题,应因地制宜采取相应的防范和整治措施。为保护与恢复生态功能服务。 相似文献
907.
Edward B. Barbier 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2003,5(3-4):437-458
The following paper examines the main factors determining long-run agricultural land expansion in Latin America compared to other tropical regions. Given the importance of natural resource-based sectors for most economies in Latin America, the impact of price-induced "resource booms" on economic growth in the region is explored. In addition, the paper examines whether there is an inherent "boom and bust" pattern of economic development associated with agricultural land expansion in Latin America, and the extent to which economic policies in the region exacerbate this problem. The paper concludes by examining the role of targeted policies in alleviating the structural obstacles to Latin American agricultural and economic development. 相似文献
908.
Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Francine Mestrum 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2003,5(1-2):41-61
The prominent place of the chapter on poverty in the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (JPI) is totally in keeping with the priority given to poverty reduction in the development thinking of the international community of today. The Johannesburg process did not lead to any new insights or new commitments in the fight against poverty. Section one sets out a factual comparison of the poverty chapters in Rio's Agenda 21 (AG21) and in the JPI. Section two reviews the conceptual links between poverty reduction and sustainable development, since poverty is used both as a dependent and as an independent variable. This analysis shows a shift in the function of growth as related to environmental protection. Section three explores the naturalization of development thinking in its economic and social dimensions and shows how this affects the policy options for social protection. I also explain how social and environmental sustainability have become elements of risk management and how are both aimed at conflict prevention and enhanced growth. Finally, in section four three lines of action are suggested to enhance the emergence of a socially meaningful sustainable development agenda that, ideally, would make poverty reduction strategies redundant. 相似文献
909.
"开放型"区域资源策略探析--以浙江省为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从区域资源安全的内涵出发,以浙江省为研究对象,在分析了省域资源条件及供给现状的基础上,提出了构建“开放型”区域资源安全体系的总体思路。 相似文献
910.
Manoliadis OG 《Environmental management》2001,28(4):497-504
Irrigation management calls for objective criteria capable of representing the economy, reliability, and productivity of irrigation
systems. These criteria must be compatible with long-term sustainability and conservation goals. The criteria representing
the above goals are the economic effect of management on yield reduction, economic effect, and reliability referring to plant
growth and operation of the network. In this study environmental indices are introduced to express the above criteria in quantitative
terms. The inclusion of these indices at the farm and network level create a multicriteria framework for decision-making based
on composite programming. An experimental study was conducted during the irrigation periods of 1989 and 1990 in Chania, Greece,
concerning water delivered to 40 experimental plots, soil moisture content at the rootzone, and irrigation system operational
failures. The data collected in real time were used for the calculation of the corresponding environmental indices. The variation
in time and space is high and resulted in up to 62% of yield loss and low system performance (up to 7% of system temporal
reliability). The study indicated that environmental indices could be incorporated to select alternatives and also to develop
policies on water delivery. The final decision involves a trade-off analysis between cost of application and desired system
performance. Measures of both primary objectives can be obtained using environmental indices that represent system operation
aggregation at its basic levels (on farm and network). 相似文献