水平-竖直管降膜多效蒸发高盐废水处理系统

为克服现有的高盐废水多效蒸发能耗高的问题,提出了水平-竖直管降膜多效蒸发高盐废水处理系统。工艺流程的原理分析和工程实例计算证明,利用竖管降膜蒸发器生成的二次蒸汽作为水平管降膜多效蒸发系统的加热蒸汽,使废水在水平管降膜蒸发器内浓缩,可大幅度降低在竖管降膜蒸发系统内进行蒸发结晶的废水量,从而减少废水蒸发消耗的高温高压蒸汽量,因此该技术是具有发展前景的高盐废水处理节能新技术。     

The risk/no-risk rhetoric of environmental impact assessments (EIA): the case of offshore wind farms in Sweden

Risk is a key topic in the communication between developers of infrastructure projects, permit-granting authorities, and civil society. The nature of risk communication is contested among academics, however. Whereas some scholars conceive of risk communication as a matter of effectively communicating expert knowledge on factual matters to the public, others emphasise the role of symbolic construction and rhetoric. This article analyses how wind farm developers rhetorically construct risks in relation to the environmental impact assessment (EIA) for a large offshore wind farm project. Our analysis is inspired by the New Rhetoric, the theory of argumentation developed by Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca (Traité de l'argumentation – la nouvelle rhétorique, Brussels: Éditions des presses de l'université de Bruxelles, 1958). We suggest that the EIA adopt a dual argumentative strategy. The report associates numerous risks with the project by identifying and cataloguing them; however, these risks are also disconnected from the project by being described as nonexistent, negligible, or manageable. We discuss some implications of considering EIAs, not as accounts of reality, but as loci of production for this reality.     

新型城镇化进程中农村生态环境问题与对策研究——以沈阳市为例

通过收集、整理相关国内外城镇化发展建设相关资料,总结和借鉴其先进的理念和成功的经验,探寻城镇化发展所遵循的规律,以及对经济、社会、生态等方面的影响,进一步探索城镇化和生态环境之间相互促进、相互制约的对立统一关系;结合国家宏观政策,阐述了在新型城镇化进程中加强生态环境治理与保护的重要性;在调查和研究相关生态环境保护资料基础上,总结列举了我国在新型城镇化进程中出现的生态环境问题,分析其成因,结合典型案例——沈阳市在治理生态环境问题中好的举措,提出在新型城镇化进程中解决生态环境问题的建议与对策。     

干旱区生态环境对PRED系统影响的定量研究--以新疆和田民丰县为例

从可持续度模型的特点出发，分析影响干旱区可持续发展的重要因子，对原先较适用于工业发达，环境污染严重的大中小型城市的区域PRED系统模式进行了改进。针对西部干旱区特殊的地理环境和经济结构，将水资源总量和生态环境因子引入可持续度模型。结合干旱区的实际情况和已有模型，选用人口增长、经济发展、发展阶段、水资源总量和生态环境这五大因子建立新的模型。将其应用于新疆和田民丰县，根据其波动规律将民丰县可持续发展变化分为五个阶段。     

新型一体化装置处理村镇污水试验研究

依据我国村镇污水处理的技术要求及村镇污水水质、水量特点,提出了一种新型一体化装置。该装置采用活性污泥法与厌氧/缺氧相结合,并运用一体化的设计理念,集好氧、缺氧、厌氧于同一反应池。通过模拟村镇污水的运行,研究了新型一体化装置曝气/搅拌交替运行的最佳条件。结果表明:在水力停留时间为6 h,当曝气/搅拌交替运行的循环周期和时间比例分别为120 min和40∶80条件下,装置能同时实现对COD、TN、TP的去除,COD、TN、TP的平均去除率分别为86.1%、84.3%、77.4%,且出水水质保持稳定,出水COD、TN达到GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准,出水TP达到一级B标准。     

隧道用新型水炮泥的试验研究

为了降低隧道爆破施工时粉尘的浓度,改善劳动者作业环境,选用多种基料、表面活性剂等,通过润湿性试验、表面张力试验和降毒性试验,确定了新型水炮泥降尘剂的配方,即基料选氯化钠,表面活性剂选十二烷基苯磺酸钠,添加剂为氯化铵和硫酸铜;为了验证新型水炮泥降尘剂的降尘效果,设计了水炮泥现场装填方案,并进行了现场对比试验,试验结果表明:加入水炮泥爆破全尘降尘率可达48%以上,比现有的通风除尘措施有了较大的提高。     

安全研究的预设和途径及新观点

由于安全问题的复杂性和多样性,安全理论一般都很难被广大安全工作者高度认同。因此,亟需研究厘清安全的维度、给出安全研究的预设、梳理安全研究的途径和开拓新的安全理论。本文运用理论研究、科学分类和逻辑思辨等方法对上述几个方面的问题开展研究,首先从安全边界、安全主体、安全物资、安全环境、安全知识、安全管理、安全信息7个方面梳理了安全的维度,给出了几条安全研究的预设;其次,梳理了从事故预防、风险管理和本源安全出发的安全研究3条途径,并比较了它们的优缺点等;最后综述了近年出现的3种安全新思想。研究结果对认识安全研究的复杂性、合理选择安全研究路径、寻找未来安全工作新方向新领域等具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

大型浮顶油罐新型灭火系统设计

针对大型浮顶油罐浮盘边缘式泡沫灭火系统存在的缺陷,设计了一种新型灭火系统。采用氮气加水雾代替传统的泡沫灭火,节约了成本;在现有的支管喷嘴上作了改进,使灭火效率得到了提高。从新型系统设计流程进行了介绍分析,对供给强度、流量和压强进行了计算说明。     

Culture as trigger for sustainability transition in the water domain: the case of the Spanish water policy and the Ebro river basin

There is a mounting body of literature dealing generally with the dynamics of transitions of human systems towards sustainability and specifically with the different stages and processes of transitions. However, the question of why transition processes occur in the first place remains largely unexplained. This paper explores the concept of transition triggers, such as culture or material resource scarcity, and provides a theoretical framework to explain the emergence of a transition and its relation to recent developments in Spanish water policy. We adapt the general framework provided by current transition theory and gather empirical evidence and insights from processes occurring within the Spanish policy context and the Ebro river basin in particular. Our results show that the sole existence of biophysical limits to water use or development cannot explain the start of a possible sustainability transition in this domain in Spain. Changes in the existing water policies in the direction of sustainability were not ignited by people directly affected by water scarcities but by a coalition of sensitive agents, mostly from academia, NGOs and local constituencies, who managed to articulate new identities, integrate multiple sources of policy relevant knowledge, and develop new values under the umbrella of the new water culture movement.

硅铁炉烟气净化及微硅粉回收系统研究

本项目研究的硅铁炉烟气净化系统,不仅可以解决烟气净化问题,更重要的是可以高效回收微硅粉,使其成为一种变废为宝,能为企业创造高利润的新型系统。