δ-MnO_2对ZnO和TiO_2光催化降解萘酚蓝黑活性影响

以萘酚蓝黑为模型污染物,采用动力学方法研究了δ-MnO2颗粒杂质对亚微米级商品TiO2(C)、ZnO(C)和纳米级自制TiO2(N)、ZnO(N)光催化作用的影响,并通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)和荧光光致发光光谱(PL)对试样进行了表征。结果表明,δ-MnO2能导致2种TiO2严重失活,而对2种ZnO的光催化活性影响很小。δ-MnO2导致TiO2光催化剂失活的主要原因为:能提高TiO2的带隙能,以及作为深能级杂质促进光生电子与空穴之间的复合。     

NO/SO_2臭氧协同氧化与吸收特性的实验研究

为研究燃煤烟气中NO/SO_2协同高效脱除方法,某热电厂通过现场实验研究了O3对烟气中NO、SO_2的选择性氧化规律以及脱硫浆液、半干法循环脱硫灰对氧化产物的吸收效能。结果表明:烟气中NO、SO_2同时存在时,烟气中的O3优先氧化NO,当O3过量30%时,SO_2氧化率可达到42%;实际湿法脱硫循环浆液对混合烟气中SO_2吸收率达到近100%,对NOx(x>1)最大吸收率仅为42%;含水量1)最大吸收率仅为30%,且吸收剂在218s后即丧失脱除效能;含水量为15%的半干法脱硫灰对混合烟气中SO_2吸收率达到100%,对NOx(x>1)最大吸收率为75%,吸收剂脱除效果良好且具备长时间稳定脱除效果。     

纳米复合水凝胶的制备及其对重金属离子的吸附

以N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(HMAm)和2-丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)为共聚单体,采用60Co-γ射线低温辐照法,制备了具酰胺基和羟基的新型聚合物水凝胶p(HMAm/HEA),运用原位沉淀法制备了纳米复合水凝胶HMO-p(HMAm/HEA),用于对重金属离子Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的去除.应用SEM、TEM、FTIR等方法对水凝胶进行表征,表征结果证明p(HMAm/HEA)是HMAm和HEA的共聚产物,且纳米水合氧化锰(HMO)成功负载.探讨了溶液初始p H值、反应温度、重金属初始浓度、反应时间、竞争性Ca~(2+)和Na+浓度等因素对纳米复合水凝胶吸附过程的影响,研究表明HMO-p(HMAm/HEA)对Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)的吸附过程不受温度的影响;吸附量随着溶液初始p H的升高而增加;吸附过程属于Langmuir单分子层吸附;吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学吸附;高浓度的Ca~(2+)和Na~+对吸附过程影响不大.XPS图谱进一步证明吸附机制是重金属离子与羟基间的离子交换作用.采用0.05 mol·L~(-1)的HCl溶液为脱附剂,经过4次吸附-脱附循环再生后,纳米复合水凝胶重复利用性好.     

低碳经济的环境教育理念

“低碳”是当今最流行的词语。但是多数人只限于知其然而不知其所以然的程度。权威调查数据显示。城市排放了约占总量70％的二氧化碳,其中城市建筑排放的二氧化碳占40％。中国作为全球人口最多、城镇化进度最快的发展中国家,节能减排形势严峻。普及低碳经济的环境教育、用低碳理念推进城镇化建设乃当务之急。     

焦亚硫酸钠对大鼠背根节神经元L-型钙电流的影响

为了探讨二氧化硫(SO2)及其衍生物对背根节神经元的生理调节作用,应用全细胞膜片钳技术,研究了SO2衍生物焦亚硫酸钠(sodiummetabisulfite,SMB)对大鼠背根节神经元L-型钙电流(ICa,L)的影响.结果表明,SMB可增大ICa,L,且具有剂量依赖性和电压依赖性的特征.SMB可使ICa,L的激活和失活过程均向去极化方向移动,但对失活的影响要大于对激活的影响,从而可导致背根节神经元钙离子内流增大,引起细胞内钙离子浓度增加.这说明SO2及其衍生物对背根节神经元的生理功能有调节作用,当其浓度过高时也可能引起该神经元的病理生理改变.     

针对二氧化碳的轻型汽油车VSP区间划分

利用PEMS对北京市16辆轻型汽油车进行了排放测试,分析了机动车比功率VSP对CO2的排放影响.在此基础上,同时考虑排放速率和排放分担率两种因素,按CO2排放特性对VSP区间重新划分.新划分区间的排放率最小值为0.5587g.s-1,最大值为3.4013g.s-1,排放分担率最小值为4.61%,最大值为14.17%.此外,VSP=0的数据排放率为0.5587g.s-1,低于周围区间,分担率为14.17%,与其它区间相当,因此,其被划入独立区间.接着,引入速度及发动机负荷ES两个参数,对VSP区间进行再划分,分别分为30个排放区间.最后,通过北京不同类型道路排放实例进行验证,发现针对快速路和非快速路而言,MOVES预测误差分别为11.43%,14.34%,IVE为12.23%,15.53%,新VSP划分方式为10.05%,12.57%,新VSP-速度组合区间的划分方式为9.10%,11.56%,新VSP-ES组合区间的划分方式为9.90%,12.23%,其中,新VSP-速度组合区间的划分方式误差最小.     

Morphology of single inhalable particle in the air polluted city of Shijiazhuang, China

In the typical air polluted city of Shijiazhuang,single inhalable particle samples in non-heating period,heating pened,dust storm days,and snowy days were collected and detected by SEM/EDS(scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry).The particle morphology was characterized by the 6 shape clusters,which areirregular square,agglomerate,sphere,floccule,column or stick,and unknown,by quantitative order.The irregular square particles are common in all kinds of samples;sphere particles are more,and column or stick are less in winter samples;in the wet deposit samples,agglomerate and floccule particles are not found.The surface of most particles is coarse with fractal edge,which can provide suitable chemical reaction bed in the polluted atmospheric environment.New formed calcium crystal is found to demonstrate the existence of neutralized reaction,explaining the reason for the high SO2 emission and low acid rain frequency in Shijiazhuang.The three sorts of surface patterns of spheres are smooth,semi-smooth,and coarse,corresponding to the element of Si-dominant,Si-Al-dominant,and Fe-dominant.The soot particle is present as floccule with average size around 10 μm,considerably larger than the former reported results,but wrapped or captured with other fine particles to make its appearance unique and enhance its toxicity potentially.The new formed calcium crystal,the 3 sorts of sphere surface patterns,and the unique soot appearance represent the single inhalable particle's morphology characteristics in Shijiazhuang City.     

基于TBL模型的闽江口围垦养虾塘水-大气界面CO2扩散通量估算

扩散模型是估算水生生态系统水-大气界面二氧化碳(CO_2)交换通量的重要手段.选取多种参数化方法对闽江口围垦养虾塘水-大气界面CO_2气体交换速率(k_x)及CO_2扩散通量进行估算,探讨闽江口围垦养虾塘k_x及CO_2扩散通量的变化特征及影响因素.结果表明:①养殖期水-大气界面CO_2气体交换速率及其扩散通量均呈现显著的时间变化特征,分别表现为10月 9月 11月 7月 8月和11月 7月 8月 9月 10月的变化趋势;②风速、pH、水体CO_2、DOC和叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度是影响CO_2扩散通量时间变化特征的重要因素;③不同参数化方法计算得出的闽江口养虾塘水-大气界面CO_2扩散通量存在显著差异(P 0. 01),表明模型方法估算养殖塘CO_2扩散通量具有一定不确定性,综合分析认为模型RC01和CW03是估算闽江口围垦养虾塘水-大气界面CO_2扩散通量较为合适的方法.     

Review of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture technologies using activated carbon

Carbon dioxide(CO_2) is the largest anthropogenic greenhouse gas(GHG) on the planet contributing to the global warming. Currently, there are three capture technologies of trapping CO_2 from the flue gas and they are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion. Among these, the post-combustion is widely popular as it can be retrofitted for a short to medium term without encountering any significant technology risks or changes.Activated carbon is widely used as a universal separation medium with series of advantages compared to the first generation capture processes based on amine-based scrubbing which are inherently energy intensive. The goal of this review is to elucidate the three CO_2 capture technologies with a focus on the use of activated carbon(AC) as an adsorbent for post-combustion anthropogenic CO_2 flue gas capture prior to emission to atmosphere. Furthermore, this coherent review summarizes the recent ongoing research on the preparation of activated carbon from various sources to provide a profound understanding on the current progress to highlight the challenges of the CO_2 mitigation efforts along with the mathematical modeling of CO_2 capture. AC is widely seen as a universal adsorbent due to its unique properties such as high surface area and porous texture. Other applications of AC in the removal of contaminants from flue gas, heavy metal and organic compounds, as a catalyst and catalyst support and in the electronics and electroplating industry are also discussed in this study.     

纳米TiO_2光催化净化气相污染物

TiO2纳米材料光催化氧化技术是一种新兴且极具潜力的污染物净化技术,在除臭、降解挥发性有机物(VOCs)、杀菌消毒方面功效尤为显著。文章介绍了TiO2光催化氧化技术处理气相污染物的机理;讨论了反应物初始浓度、反应时间、光照强度、湿度、接触面积、催化剂活性等各种因素对光催化效果的影响;阐述了该技术在气相污染物处理领域的应用现状;并针对目前在光催化净化气相污染物方面存在的问题,对今后的发展提出了一些建议和展望。