哈尔滨市粪便无害化处理厂工艺设计

介绍了哈尔滨太平区粪便无害化处理厂的基本工艺流程和相关设备和构筑物。该厂将粪便进行机械脱水，脱水粪渣添加麦壳或玉米秸经两次好氧堆肥处理，添加无机肥料生产有机复合肥；粪水厌氧消化生产液体肥料的工艺对粪便进行资源化利用，产生臭气通过除臭装置吸收。该工程改善了当地的污染状况并创造了经济效益。     

The role of the egg jelly coat in protecting<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyla regilla</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo canorus</Emphasis> embryos from ultraviolet B radiation during development

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation may play a role in amphibian population declines. Some of these studies also indicate that egg hatching success is unaltered in some species of anurans as a result of UVB exposure. It has been proposed that the egg mass jelly provides photoprotection to the developing embryos. METHODS: Direct spectrophotometric scans of egg jelly, scans of egg jelly methanol extracts, and experimental manipulation in a solar simulator during development were all used to assess the role of egg mass jelly as a photoprotective agent. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: For Hyla regilla, scans of egg jelly and methanolic extracts (for mycosporine-like amino acid content) both displayed no absorption in the UV range. Experimental manipulation (removal of egg mass jelly) with both Hyla regilla and Bufo canorus egg masses in a solar simulator demonstrated that egg mass jelly played no apparent role in photoprotection of either of these species. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results in this study it seems unlikely that the egg jelly coat is playing a crucial role in protecting developing embryos from the impact of UVB radiation.     

我国粪便处置现状与治理对策的研究

粪便既是农业资源 ,又是环境污染体和疾病传染源 ,对粪便进行减量化、无害化和资源化处置具有重要的现实意义。本文分析了我国粪便的处置现状 ,提出了相应的治理对策 ,并介绍了真空收运系统在城乡粪便处理中的作用与优势     

核基因组在细胞质雄性不育中的作用研究：背景与现状

细胞质雄性不育 (ｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｍａｌｅｓｔｅｒｉｌｉｔｙ ,ＣＭＳ) ,表现为小孢子发育异常、不能产生花粉或花粉败育 ,但卵细胞发育正常、可接受外来花粉而正常结实 ,系母性遗传 ,即细胞质遗传[1～ 4 ] .ＣＭＳ的重要性 ,首先表现为在农业生产上的巨大经济应用价值[2～ 4 ] .杂种优势的发现和利用为粮食生产带来了革命 ,但杂种种子的生产过程却是很繁杂的 ,核心是要阻止母本的自花授粉结实、保证母本植株上所结的种子全部是杂种 ,即种子的纯度很高才能保证农业生产上的应用 .ＣＭＳ ,由于其不能产生可育的花粉 ,即无自花授粉结…     

无锡鼋头渚夜鹭卵中有机氯农药残留及其环境指示意义

分析了太湖鼋头渚夜鹭卵中的有机氯农药残留情况,发现在禁用近20年后,HCH的异构体、DDT及其代谢物、异狄氏剂以及环氧七氯在夜鹭卵中都不有同程度的检出,其中β－HCH和p,p‘-DDE的残留水平和检出率均很高,p,p‘-DDE平均达到了0.906ug/g(干重）。研究发现无锡夜鹭卵中多数有机氯农药残留水平平均高于江西共青城地区的样品。无锡夜鹭卵孵化率较低。可能与DDE残留量较高有关。夜鹭卵中有机氯农药残留水平具有指示环境污染的意义。     

Heavy metal exposure reduces hatching success of Acartia pacifica resting eggs in the sediment

The potential effects of three heavy metals （Cu, Pb, and Cd） on hatching success ofAcartia pacifica resting eggs in the sediment of Xiamen Bay were experimentally investigated. The number ofA. pacifica nauplii hatched from the sediment sharply decreased with the increase of metal concentration and exposure time from 3 to 30 d. An increase of the Cu concentration from 34.8 to 348 mg/kg, reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 46.6%-100%. An increase of the Pb concentration from 75.2 to 752 mg/kg, reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 21.4%-78.9%. An increase of the Cd concentration from 0.68 to 6.8 mg/kg, reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 31.6%-94.7%. The number of nauplii also significantly decreased with the increase of mixed-metal concentration and exposure time in the mixed-metal test. Trimmed Spearman-Karber analysis gave sediment metal 72-h LC50 values of 1.25 mmol Cu/kg, 1.73 mmol Pb/kg, and 0.054 mmol Cd/kg, which suggested that Cd was the most toxic to A. pacifica resting eggs in the three tested metals. The results indicate that heavy metals with higher concentrations can reduce recruitment of A. pacifica nauplii from benthic resting eggs to planktonic population.     

夜间建筑施工噪声扰民测量时间探讨

通过对现有夜间建筑施工噪声测量方法关于测量时间及国家和深圳经济特区有关夜间施工规定的分析,阐述了夜间施工噪声扰民监测时间问题。     

Incidence of organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues in an aquatic ecosystem of river duero in castile and Leon (Spain)

The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an aquatic ecosystem of River Duero was checked by means of a bioindicator organism: the grey heron (Ardea cinerea). Analyses of water, sediments, fish fat tissues and heron viscera revealed a marked bioaccumulation of organochlorine compounds, particularly hexa‐ and heptachlorinated biphenyls of industrial origin, which may account for the gradual decline in the number of individuals that make up the heron colonies studied.     

中国夏季夜雨的空间分布特征

夜雨作为降水日变化中的特殊现象,是一种独特的气候资源。论文借助2 046 个经质量控制的自动气象站逐小时降水资料分析中国夏季夜雨空间分布特征,并比较分析不同典型夜雨区和非典型夜雨区的降水日变化特征。结果表明:中国夜雨现象站点多且分布较广。降水峰值时间多出现在下午和后半夜,其中东部多发生在下午,西部多发生在后半夜;夜雨现象最明显的区域是青藏高原、四川盆地、云贵高原,此外在山脉及附近区域也普遍存在,北方和西部最明显;而夜雨现象不明显的区域在长江中下游以南区域;中国大部分地区夜间的降水前半夜少于后半夜,而青藏高原东部、四川盆地大部分地区呈现前半夜多于后半夜。地形对降水日变化的主要影响为双日波特征,降水峰值不仅出现在下午,也出现在后半夜;其次,波动性更大。山区夜雨的成因与独特地形的热力差异引起的山谷风环流有关,而下午的峰值与太阳辐射加热大气引起的热对流有关;高原夜雨与山区不同,可能与夏季对流性的积状云比较多有关。     

双酚A对萼花臂尾轮虫生殖的影响

应用生态毒理学研究方法,研究了不同浓度双酚A(BPA)对萼花臂尾轮虫生殖的影响,内容包括:2d的种群增长率(r),3d的混交雌体数/非混交雌体数(MF/AF)、混交率(MR)、雄体数/雌体数(M/F)、携卵雌体数/非携卵雌体数(OF/NOF)、受精率(FR),7d的休眠卵产量(RE)及2d的休眠卵孵化率(HR).结果显示,与对照组相比,BPA 0.5mg/L及以上浓度显著降低轮虫2d的r值(0.83~0.86);BPA对轮虫3d的M/F及OF/NOF无显著影响;但BPA 0.25~1.0mg/L显著降低MF/AF、MR, BPA 0.125mg/L及以上浓度显著降低FR(3.33%~15.33%)和RE(25.2~39.2ind/8mL); BPA 0.0625~1.0mg/L显著降低HR(8.0%~22.0%).因此,既然BPA对测试的轮虫生殖具有负面影响,为保护浮游动物,其在自然水体中浓度必须监控.