Incidence of organochlorine pesticide and PCB residues in an aquatic ecosystem of river duero in castile and Leon (Spain)

The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an aquatic ecosystem of River Duero was checked by means of a bioindicator organism: the grey heron (Ardea cinerea). Analyses of water, sediments, fish fat tissues and heron viscera revealed a marked bioaccumulation of organochlorine compounds, particularly hexa‐ and heptachlorinated biphenyls of industrial origin, which may account for the gradual decline in the number of individuals that make up the heron colonies studied.     

PERIVITELLINE pH OF SALMONIDE EGGS IN RELATION TO AMBIENT pH1

ABSTRACT: Eggs from salmon and brown trout were reared at 6 pH levels in the pH range 4.1–7.5. By micropuncture, the pH of the perivitelline fluid (PVF) was measured at different stages of development with an antimony microelectrode system. The pH of the PVF falls with decreased pH of the ambient media, although no point of equilibrium was found at the lower pH levels. When eggs were reared at pH levels 4.1–4.7, the pH of the PVF in salmon eggs was 0.4 units above the ambient media, while that in trout eggs was 1.0 pH units above. Decreased pH of the PVF during the later, actively ion accumulation, embryonic stages will subject the embryos to ion regulating stresses similar to those registered for adult fishes.     

中国草地N2O通量日变化观测对比研究

研究分析了我国20世纪90年代以来科学工作者利用静态箱-气相色谱法对内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原和锡林郭勒草原、青藏高寒草原等不同草原类型所开展的日变化通量观测数据并进行了对比分析研究.结果表明:我国草地N2O通量的日变化规律明显,日变化形式呈多峰型,我国草地均表现为N2O排放源,日均通量的对比顺序是:贝加尔针茅草甸草原>羊草草甸草原>羊草典型草原>高寒草甸[(42.82±15.96)>(29.17±13.03)>(4.91±2.12)>(0.89±0.67)μg/(m2?h)];10:00~14:00和夜间0:00左右所观测的N2O通量均可代表当日平均通量;夜间N2O的排放对整个日通量有重要贡献,其排放量占到全日排放总量的46%以上,草地夜间N2O的排放通量应该受到重视.另外,本文讨论了水分和温度作为主要环境因子对N2O通量日变化的影响,以及不同植被类型和人类活动(放牧和刈割)对N2O通量的日变化的影响.     

基于NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光遥感数据估算上海地区PM2.5浓度

随着工业化和城市化的迅速发展,中国面临着越来越严重的大气污染危机,以细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))为标志的区域性大气复合污染问题已经成为我国大气环境污染治理的核心工作.目前,传统的地面监测站监测PM_(2.5)浓度的方法空间分辨率较差且耗费人力物力,而卫星遥感数据监测PM_(2.5)浓度的方法大部分只能应用于白天.由于PM_(2.5)浓度在时间上存在周期性变化,因此利用卫星遥感数据监测的夜间PM_(2.5)浓度可以作为表征PM_(2.5)日变化规律的重要补充.本研究采用Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership(Suomi NPP)卫星搭载的可见红外成像辐射计套件(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, VIIRS)中Day/Night波段(DNB)夜间灯光影像数据,依据大气气溶胶消光原理和站点气象数据,建立PM_(2.5)浓度的预测模型,基于多元线性回归分析对上海地区9个空气质量监测站在2014—2018年冬季无月无云的晴朗夜间的PM_(2.5)浓度值进行估计,并对PM_(2.5)浓度的空间分布进行模拟.结果表明,在研究时段上海地区PM_(2.5)实际浓度与模型估算PM_(2.5)浓度之间R~2=0.767,均方根误差(RMSE)为19.210μg·m~(-3),验证了VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光影像数据在估算PM_(2.5)浓度方面有巨大潜力.     

夜间建筑施工噪声扰民测量时间探讨

通过对现有夜间建筑施工噪声测量方法关于测量时间及国家和深圳经济特区有关夜间施工规定的分析,阐述了夜间施工噪声扰民监测时间问题。