ASTAR IR-200红外三波数测油仪自校方法

针对ASTAR IR-200红外三波数测油仪,提出仪器的自校方法。     

非离子表面活性剂对污泥调理脱水效果的影响

现有污泥脱水技术仅使污泥含水率降到80%左右,难以满足日益严格的污泥处置要求.以污泥比阻（SRF）、脱水率为考察指标,比较了两大类非离子型表面活性剂（辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚OPEO型和烷基糖苷APG）对剩余污泥的脱水效果,并对原泥及调理后污泥进行了显微观察.结果表明,非离子表面活性剂可使污泥絮体粒径变小,不规则程度降低,改善了污泥的脱水性能,而且烷基糖苷APG脱水效果优于OPEO型.APG投加量为0.05%干固体时,污泥比阻即可降低到原泥的42%,脱水率可达到93%.以烷基糖苷APG为调理剂进行板框脱水实验,结果表明,当APG投加量为0.05%干固体时,脱水泥饼含水率比原泥脱水泥饼含水率低约10%,脱水率可达到97%.本研究为APG应用于污泥脱水,改善污泥脱水性能提供一些参考.     

Improvement of soil aggregate stability by repeated applications of organic amendments to a cultivated silty loam soil

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of repeated field applications of three urban compost amendments and one farmyard manure amendment over a 9-year period on aggregate stability in a silty loam soil initially characterized by low clay and initial organic matter contents and poor aggregate stability. Three different aggregate stability tests with increasing disruptive intensities (fast wetting > mechanical breakdown > slow wetting tests) and different disaggregation mechanisms, were used. All of the amendments, which were applied at approximately 4 Mg C ha⁻¹ every other year, increased the organic carbon content and improved the stability of the aggregates against the disruptive action of water, as determined by each of the stability tests. However, the year-to-year variations in the aggregate stability that related to factors other than the organic inputs were greater than the cumulative increase in aggregate stability relative to the control. The positive effects of the tested amendments on aggregate stability were linked to their contribution to soil organic C contents (r = 0.54 for the fast wetting test and r = 0.41-0.42 for the mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests; p < 0.05). The addition of urban composts had a larger positive effect on aggregate stability than farmyard manure at the majority of sampling dates. The addition of biodegradable immature compost, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), improved the aggregate stability through an enhanced resistance to slaking. The addition of mature composts, such as the co-compost of sewage sludge and green wastes (GWS) or biowaste compost (BW), improved the aggregate stability by increasing interparticular cohesion. The MSW compost was the most efficient in improving aggregate stability during the first 6 years of the experiment (average improvements of +22%, +5% and +28% in the fast wetting, mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests, respectively, compared to the control treatment); this result was likely due to the larger labile organic pool of the MSW compost that was highly effective at stimulating soil microbial activity. After the first 6 years, the two other composts, GWS and BW, became more efficient (average improvements of +25%, +61% and +33% in the fast wetting, mechanical breakdown and slow wetting tests, respectively, compared to the control treatment), which was probably linked to the greater increase in soil organic C contents. Therefore, the application of urban compost to silty soil that is susceptible to water erosion was effective at improving aggregate stability and thus could be used to enhance the resistance of soil to water erosion.     

辅料配比对污泥生物-物理联合干燥的影响

利用自主研制的污泥生物-物理联合干燥反应系统研究了脱水污泥∶树皮∶回流污泥分别为7∶3∶0.5、9∶3∶0.5和12∶3∶0.5时,污泥生物-物理联合干燥过程中温度、含水率等参数的变化规律.结果表明,污泥温度随干燥时间延长先增大后减小,含水率在0～96 h逐渐降低,继续延长反应时间,则变化不明显.当脱水污泥∶树皮∶回流...     

电石渣和石灰对污泥的改性效果比较

在含水率为86.1%的脱水污泥中分别添加10%的电石渣和工业生石灰,其搅拌30min后及自然晾晒24,48,72,96,120 h后的含水率持续线性下降,自然晾晒120 h后可达到填埋标准;添加电石渣及石灰的污泥,其单位质量水分蒸发速率与原污泥有本质差异;两种改性剂均可使污泥比阻降低50%左右;经板框压滤机压滤出的泥饼...     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.     

Silver impregnated carbon for adsorption and desorption of elemental mercury vapors

The Hg0 vapor adsorption experimental results on a novel sorbent obtained by impregnating a commercially available activated carbon (Darco G60 from BDH) with silver nitrate were reported. The study was performed by using a fundamental approach, in an apparatus at laboratory scale in which a synthetic flue gas, formed by Hg0 vapors in a nitrogen gas stream, at a given temperature and mercury concentration, was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Breakthrough curves and adsorption isotherms were obtained for bed temperatures of 90, 120 and 150°C and for Hg0 concentrations in the gas varying in the range of 0.8–5.0 mg/m3. The experimental gas-solid equilibrium data were used to evaluate the Langmuir parameters and the heat of adsorption. The experimental results showed that silver impregnated carbon was very effective to capture elemental mercury and the amount of mercury adsorbed by the carbon decreased as the bed temperature increased. In addition, to evaluate the possibility of adsorbent recovery, desorption was also studied. Desorption runs showed that both the adsorbing material and the mercury could be easily recovered, since at the end of desorption the residue on solid was almost negligible. The material balance on mercury and the constitutive equations of the adsorption phenomenon were integrated, leading to the evaluation of only one kinetic parameter which fits well both the experimentally determined breakthrough and desorption curves.     

两种抗生素对塔玛亚历山大藻生长和产毒的影响

论文以中国南海筛选的一株塔玛亚历山大藻Alexandrium tamarense C101为研究对象,研究了两种抗生素,氨苄青霉素(ampicillin,Amp)和新霉素(neomycin,Nm)对A.tamarense C101细胞生长、形态以及毒素含量的影响.结果表明:和空白对照组相比,经1 500μg/mL Nm...     

黑岱沟露天矿排土场不同植被配置土壤水分研究——土壤水分垂直动态研究

文章通过黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场不同植被配置土壤水分垂直动态研究,阐述了不同植被配置类型对土壤水分的影响。结果显示：9种植被配置类型的土壤台水量随土层深度的增加而减小,但变化幅度有差异;原生植被处的土壤水分利用层厚度大于人工植被。     

菌株Desulfovibrio sp. CMX的DNRA性能和影响因素

微生物的硝酸盐异化还原为铵(DNRA)过程对自然界中铵根离子的存在和转化具有重要影响,然而关于SRB菌株DNRA过程影响和机制尚未探明.本文考察了实验室筛选的SRB菌株Desulfovibrio sp.CMX的DNRA能力、影响因素及其影响机制.结果表明,无外加氮源的情况下,分别以10 mmol·L-1NO_3~-和NO_2~-作为唯一电子受体,菌株Desulfovibrio sp.CMX最终NH_4~+生成率分别达到85.8%和97.3%,且无N2和N2O等副产物产生.实验探究了不同外加氮源、不同初始浓度的SO_4~(2-)、S~(2-)对菌株DNRA过程的影响.酵母浸粉作为外加氮源可促进菌株的生长和代谢从而促进菌株DNRA过程;SO_4~(2-)对于NO_3~-还原为NO_2~-阶段起促进作用,而对NO_2~-还原为NH_4~+阶段起抑制作用,综合两方面影响,最终表现出对菌株DNRA过程的抑制作用;S~(2-)对菌株生长及DNRA过程都表现出抑制作用,且S~(2-)浓度越高抑制作用越强,当S~(2-)浓度达到6 mmol·L-1后,S~(2-)对于NO_3~-还原为NO_2~-阶段的抑制作用强于NO_2~-还原为NH_4~+阶段的抑制作用,NO_3~-还原为NO_2~-速率低于NO_2~-还原为NH_4~+速率,此时体系中不再有NO_2~-的积累.