异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌WXZ-8的脱氮产物N_2O和N_2研究

研究了异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌WXZ-8(Bacillus cereus)的异养硝化性能,并采用GC-ECD(Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector)、GC-TCD(Gas Chromatography-Thermal Conductivity Detector)方法分别测定了脱氮过程中的气体产物N2O和N2。为了改进密封反应的溶氧条件,采用纯氧密封摇瓶培养和空气密封摇瓶培养两个对照条件下进行培养。结果表明:(1)空气密封瓶实验条件下,WXZ-8产生的N2O为0.00945mg,N2为9.5005mg,分别占从水体中脱除的氮的0.047%和47.09%,另外,同化合成的氮含量占48.74%;(2)纯氧密封瓶实验条件下,WXZ-8产生的N2O为0.00463mg,N2为9.686mg,分别占从水体中脱除的氮的0.024%与49.57%,同样,同化合成的氮含量占49.23%。两组对照实验表明,WXZ-8菌是一株高效、产生低水平量N2O的性能良好的异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌,且纯氧培养条件更有利于控制N2O的逸出。     

氢气还原海绵铁去除水体中硝酸盐的研究

利用小球烧结和氢气还原工艺制备了粒径1mm～5mm的多孔性球形海绵铁,对球形海绵铁去除水体中硝酸盐的效率及去除动力学进行了研究。结果表明:溶液初始pH值对硝酸盐去除效率的影响显著,初始pH值小于3时,硝酸盐的去除率随溶液初始pH的增加而逐渐降低;初始pH值大于3时,硝酸盐的去除率又随之升高。硝酸盐浓度低于10mgN/L时,硝酸盐去除率随着硝酸盐初始浓度的增加而增加,硝酸盐的残余量保持在0.4mgN/L左右;硝酸盐浓度高于20mgN/L时,硝酸盐的去除率随初始硝酸盐浓度的增加而略有降低。球形海绵铁去除硝酸盐为一级动力学反应,反应级数为0.970～1.378,表观反应速率常数为0.314h-1～0.536h-1。海绵铁还原硝酸盐的主要产物为氨氮,随着还原反应的进行,溶液pH值快速增加,氨氮以分子态氨的形式从水中逸出。进行归纳总结和对比,并以多环芳烃的提取为例列举了各方法的应用步骤,从而为其他环境样品其他有机物分析预处理提供参考。     

循环流化床干法脱硫除尘一体化工艺去除汞探讨研究

目前,由于人类污染源每年向大气排汞量日益增长,使国际上对汞排放的控制研究成为热点,本文通过理论计算及工程实例说明了循环流化床干法烟气脱硫除尘一体化工艺系统可以有效地控制燃煤电厂汞的排放。     

Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in removal of pollutant in Taihu Lake, China

Two plant populations of Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in Taihu Lake, China. The substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter (P < 0.01), with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%-63% for P. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for T. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. Both species and substrates significantly decreased the N and P conc...     

无动力（微动力）除尘技术

无动力或微动力除尘工艺,打破传统的除尘原理,对运输转运系统进行高效除尘,成功地运用于昆钢龙山冶金熔剂矿白云石破碎系统、云锡大屯选厂、昆钢烧结厂等,投资少、除尘效果好、运行费用低。比传统的布袋除尘工艺节省投资约20％,大幅度地节约运行费用。     

Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

组合人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水中有机物的去除特征研究

采用物理分级和三维荧光光谱法,研究了组合人工湿地对城镇污水处理厂尾水中不同形态有机物的去除特征.结果表明,组合人工湿地对污水处理厂尾水具有较好的深度处理效果,出水水质基本可以达到国家地表水环境质量标准(GB38382-2002)Ⅲ或Ⅳ类水标准.组合人工湿地处理系统对尾水中CODCr和BOD5总体去除率分别达到35.2%和44.3%,对尾水中总有机碳(TOC)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)的平均去除率分别为46.9%、45.9%、48.3%.组合人工湿地系统不同单元对尾水中有机物的去除贡献率存在差异,其中,潜流湿地单元对尾水中CODCr和BOD5及其不同组分有机碳的去除效率较高.试验期间,由于藻类滋生,表流湿地单元出水中有机物含量波动较大,去除效果明显降低,藻类被打捞后,出水水质明显改善.三维荧光光谱分析结果显示,各个处理单元取样点的水样三维荧光光谱均出现4个明显的荧光峰.人工湿地各单元出水溶解性有机质(DOM)中,类蛋白和类腐殖酸物质含量较高,类富里酸物质含量较低.人工湿地对类蛋白和类腐殖酸物质有较强的去除作用.     

序批式颗粒污泥系统中磷的变化和去向分析

在实验室序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理系统中以普通活性污泥为接种污泥,采用厌氧-好氧的运行方式提高系统的除磷效果.同时培养颗粒污泥,并对系统中磷的变化和去向进行分析.结果表明,整个试验共运行146 d,成熟颗粒污泥平均粒径为603μm,污泥体积指数(SVI)约为30 mL.g-1,COD去除率可达90%,磷的去除率可达95%左右.颗粒污泥系统除厌氧放磷和好氧聚磷以外,还存在明显的污泥颗粒积磷现象.磷的去除途径主要为:系统排泥(出水悬浮物和专门排泥)和污泥积磷.由厌氧末期颗粒污泥的X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果可知,化学沉淀是污泥积磷的一种重要方式,大量的金属离子会与磷形成无机盐沉积在污泥颗粒上.     

添加剂和湿法除尘主要参数对炭黑去除效率的影响

选取十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、月桂醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO-9)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)4种表面活性剂配制成吸收液,采用伞形罩洗涤器对燃煤窑炉黑烟进行湿法除尘净化实验,探讨添加剂种类、入口含尘浓度(Cin)、入口风速(u)和液气比(L/G)参数的不同对炭黑(BC)去除效率(η)的影响,结合压降(ΔP,Pa)的变化提出高效脱黑的可行方案.结果表明,在实验条件同为Cin=2g·m-3、u=12m·s-1和L/G=0.2L·m-3条件下,4种吸收液脱黑效果差别不大,AEO-9吸收液具有略明显的优势,炭黑去除效率可达到99.5%(0.06mmol·L-1,AEO-9);在u=12m·s-1和L/G=0.2L·m-3条件下,Cin=5g·m-3时更利于洗涤器对黑烟的净化,AEO-9吸收液的炭黑去除效率近乎100%,ΔP变化不大;入口风速的变化对炭黑去除效率和压降的影响比较明显,当Cin和L/G分别为2g·m-3、0.2L·m-3时,最佳入口风速为12～14m·s-1,炭黑去除效率保持在99%以上;最佳操作液气比可控制在0.2～0.4L·m-3.     

纳米铁系材料与反硝化细菌复合去除地下水硝酸盐氮研究

采用不同液相还原法制备了纳米Fe、纳米Fe/Ni和油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe粒子,并将其与反硝化细菌复合应用于地下水中硝酸盐氮的去除研究中.分别考察了不同纳米铁系材料与反硝化细菌复合体系去除硝酸盐氮的反应速率及对脱氮产物生成的影响.同时,从核糖核酸(RNA)水平考察了不同纳米铁系材料对反硝化细菌的影响.结果表明,纳米Fe/Ni复合体系脱氮速率最快,6d内对硝酸盐氮的去除率可达到100%,最终产物主要为氨氮,占体系总氮的69%;而纳米Fe和油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe复合体系9d可将硝酸盐氮100%去除,氨氮的转化率分别为52%和16%.另外,从反应前后反硝化细菌总RNA浓度的变化情况看,纳米Fe/Ni复合体系、纳米Fe复合体系和油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe复合体系的反硝化细菌总RNA浓度分别降低了93%、40%和34%,可见3种纳米铁系材料对反硝化细菌毒性大小顺序为:纳米Fe/Ni纳米Fe油酸钠包覆型纳米Fe.