序批式移动床生物膜反应器富集反硝化聚磷菌及其在单污泥系统中的应用

本文介绍了在单污泥系统中选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌的国内外研究进展,对不同研究者提出的选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌的方法进行了分析和评价,并提出将反硝化聚磷菌与移动床生物膜反应器工艺结合起来,在序批式移动床生物膜反应器悬浮填料上选择和富集反硝化聚磷菌,进一步认识了反硝化聚磷菌的生化特征,使其成为反应器中优势菌群,以及该工艺今后的研究重点。     

FeS自养反硝化与厌氧氨氧化的耦合脱氮机制

微生物的功能多样性对元素价态的转换存在协同作用是自然界关键的生态调节策略,充分利用这种策略,实现不同微生物的功能组合,可以发展废水处理新工艺.本文以静态批次实验的含氮污染物作为研究对象,把Fe S投加量、NO_3~--N/NO_2~--N比值、厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX,AN)和自养反硝化(AD)生物量之比作为反应控制条件,讨论了AN与AD之间代谢产物互补的合作机制,提出了(AN+AD)_(TN→0)脱氮工艺的概念.研究发现过量的Fe S投加在保证AD过程的彻底性之外,并不显著影响AN菌的代谢活性;提高NO_2~--N在电子受体中的比例,会使微生物复合群落处于代谢底物竞争关系之中,对TN的去除产生负面影响; AN生物量的增加加深了复合群落的合作程度,当初始NH_4~+-N与NO_3~--N的化学计量比小于0. 85时,可以实现TN浓度趋零.结果表明,通过认识微生物之间的交互作用,寻求复杂微生物群落功能的规划或调控,可以设计出更加合理的废水处理工艺,达到低物耗投入条件下目标污染物的高效去除.     

磷酸钙沉淀法去除猪场废水中磷的实验研究

以模拟猪场废水为处理对象,进行了磷酸钙沉淀除磷小试实验,考察了pH值、不同初始n(Ca)/n(P)、CO<'2-><,3>、Mg<'2+>以及CO<'2-><,3>和Mg<'2+>共存对磷酸钙沉淀反应的影响;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对沉淀产物进行了表征.结果表明,在溶液pH=8.0和初始n(Ca)/n(P)=3.33...     

低C/N比污水生物脱氮所需外加碳源量的确定

利用中试规模实验装置,探讨了现有活性污泥工艺改造成间歇曝气生物脱氮工艺的实践中,碳氮比(C/N)对废水生物脱氮效率、脱氮反应速度的影响,分析了脱氮容量,确定了所需外加碳源量.      

新型低温Fe/AC脱硫剂的研究

将活性焦担载氧化铁制得Fe/AC脱硫剂用于烟气脱硫,在最经济的烟气脱硫温度窗口(120℃～250℃)显示出高的脱硫活性.考察操作条件对其脱硫活性的影响,并借助EXAFS和TPD表征技术对其内在原因进行探讨.Fe/AC脱硫剂在排烟温度下用于脱硫,其活性明显优于活性焦和纯Fe₂O₃,且载体炭无氧化烧损.Fe/AC吸硫后形成2种含硫物质:H₂SO₄和Fe₂(SO₄)₃,H₂O和O₂的存在可增加Fe/AC对SO₂的吸附硫容.由高比表面活性焦制得的Fe/AC有更高的脱硫活性,这源于活性组分Fe₂O₃在其上良好的分散性.Fe/AC用于脱硫应在适宜空速[(800L/(kg·h)]下操作.     

Effects of the new nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on nitrate and potassium leaching in two soils

In this study, soil column was used to study the new nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on nitrate (NO3--N) and potassium (K) leaching in the sandy loam soil and clay loam soil. The results showed that DMPP with ammonium sulphate nitrate (ASN) ((NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3) or urea could reduce NO3--N leaching significantly, whereas ammonium (NH4 -N) leaching increased slightly. In case of total N (NO3--N NH4 -N), losses by leaching during the experimental period (40 d) were 37.93 mg (urea), 31.61 mg (urea DMPP), 108.10 mg (ASN), 60.70 mg (ASN DMPP) in the sandy loam soil, and 30.54 mg (urea), 21.05 mg (urea DMPP), 37.86 mg (ASN), 31. 09 mg (ASN DMPP) in the clay loam soil, respectively. DMPP-amended soil led to the maintenance of relatively high levels of NH4 -N and low levels of NO3--N in soil, and nitrification was slower. DMPP supplementation also resulted in potassium leached less, but the difference was not significant except the treatment ASN and ASN DMPP in the sandy loam soil. Above results indicate that DMPP is a good nitrification inhibitor, the efficiency of DMPP seems better in the sandy loam soil than in the clay loam soil and lasts longer.     

Effects of seed aerosols on the growth of secondary organic aerosols from the photooxidation of toluene

Hydroxyl radical （.OH）-initiated photooxidation reaction of toluene was carried out in a self-made smog chamber. Four individual seed aerosols such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, sodium silicate and calcium chloride, were introduced into the chamber to assess their influence on the growth of secondary organic aerosols （SOA）. It was found that the low concentration of seed aerosols might lead to high concentration of SOA particles. Seed aerosols would promote rates of SOA formation at the start of the reaction and inhibit its formation rate with prolonging the reaction time. In the case of ca. 9000 pt/cm^3 seed aerosol load, the addition of sodium silicate induced a same effect on the SOA formation as ammonium nitrate. The influence of the four individual seed aerosols on the generation of SOA decreased in the order of calcium chloride〉sodium silicate and ammonium nitrate〉ammonium sulfate.     

国外新型药剂应用于滇池藻类污染治理的研究

滇池水藻类含量很高,现已属重富营养化水体。本实验选用国外一种新型除藻剂一去藻247来研究治理滇池水藻类污染,通过投加三个不同浓度的除藻剂,检测得出叶绿素α和总磷都有较好的去除效果,Cu^2＋的残留浓度也没有超标,其中当叶绿素的含量为1000mg/L时,除藻剂的最佳投加量为10mg／L。并用线性回归方程对滇池水体中叶绿素α和总磷的相关性进行了拟合。     

Metal loaded zeolite adsorbents for hydrogen cyanide removal

Metal(Cu,Co,or Zn) loaded ZSM-5 and Y zeolite adsorbents were prepared for the adsorption of hydrogen cyanide(HCN) toxic gas.The results showed that the HCN breakthrough capacity was enhanced significantly when zeolites were loaded with Cu.The physical and chemical properties of the adsorbents that influence the HCN adsorption capacity were analyzed.The maximal HCN breakthrough capacities were about the same for both zeolites at 2.2 mol of HCN/mol of Cu.The Cu2p XPS spectra showed that the possible species present were Cu2O and CuO.The N1s XPS data and FT-IR spectra indicated that CNwould be formed in the presence of Cu+/Cu2+ and oxygen gas,and the reaction product could be adsorbed onto Cu/ZSM-5 zeolite more easily than HCN.     

水生植物对不同富营养化程度水体净化能力研究

为不同富营养化程度水体筛选出净化能力强的植物种类,文章采用模拟人工湿地系统处理人工配制污水的方法,以7d为一个采样周期,比较了5种植物(满江红、槐叶萍、四叶萍、黑藻和慈姑)在轻度、中度和重度富营养水体中TN、TP、NH4+-N去除能力.实验结果表明:5种植物处理能力随着富营养程度提高而增大.在重度富营养条件下,处理能力...