潜流型人工湿地实现短程硝化反硝化的探讨

从短程硝化反硝化机理和目前国内外在短程硝化生物脱氮技术方面的进展入手;介绍了影响短程硝化的因素,剖析了潜流型人工湿地系统实现短程硝化的可能性和可行性;最后展望了湿地系统作为生态处理方法的发展方向.     

常温SBR厌氧-好氧反应器的短程硝化

短程硝化-反硝化是污水节能脱氮新技术之一,其关键在于实现短程硝化,而水温是控制短程硝化的主要因素。在生活污水氨氮浓度小于100mg/L的水质条件下,采用SBR厌氧-好氧反应器进行了常温短程硝化试验研究。研究结果表明,水温14．5℃～16．5℃的条件下,在好氧段可以实现短程硝化,亚硝化率达到了94．9%。亚硝化的程度还与曝气时间的长短有关,曝气时间短时,可以将氨氧化控制在亚硝化阶段,积累大量的亚硝酸盐,但是氨转化率比较低;曝气时间延长,氨氮去除率增加,同时部分亚硝酸氮会被进一步氧化成硝酸氮。该研究结果打破了只有在中高温条件下才能实现短程硝化的普遍看法,从而为在常温下实现短程硝化提供了新的依据。     

Variations among rice cultivars on root oxidation and Cd uptake

In order to understand the mechanisms on the variation between rice cultivars in Cd uptake and accumulation, two pot soil experiments were conducted with typical rice cultivars that varied greatly in soil Cd uptake. The experiments with six rice cultivars showed that the root oxidation abilities of rice differed with rice cultivars and also with types of the cultivars, the cultivars with indica consanguinity were significantly higher than the cultivars with japonica consanguinity. Root oxidation abilities of the rice cultivars correlated positively and significantly （P〈0.01） with their Cd concentrations and Cd quantity accumulations in rice plants. The experiments with two rice cultivars showed that significant differences also existed between the two cultivars in pot soil redox potentials, which of Shan you 63 （higher soil Cd accumulator） were significantly higher than that of Wu yun jing 7 （lower soil Cd accumulator） under different soil Cd levels, but the degrees of the differences varied with soil Cd levels. The differences were larger under soil Cd treatments than the control. The results indicate that root oxidation ability, especially in Cd contaminated soil, is one of the main mechanisms which dominate Cd uptake and accumulation by rice plant.     

Simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a continuous-flow two-sludge system

The ability of simultaneous biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal was investigated in a lab-scale continuous-flow two-sludge system. Alternating anaerobic and anoxic conditions were combined with contact oxidation stage for treating raw municipal wastewater. Long-term experiments showed that the contradiction of competing for the organic substrate between denitrifying bacteria and PAOs （phosphorus accumulating organisms） in traditional phosphorus and nitrogen removal system has been resolved. The system can adapt to low influent COD/TN ratio （C/N）. Furthermore the SRT （sludge retention time） of nitrifying sludge and denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge can be controlled at optimal conditions respectively. The removal efficiency of COD, TP, TN, and NH4-N was 81.78%, 92.51%, 75.75%, and 84.47% respectively. It was also found that the appropriate influent C/N should be controlled at the range of 3.8-6, while the optimal C/N to the system ranged between 4-5, and the BFR （bypass sludge flow rate） should be controlled at 0.35 around.     

Removal of organic matter and nitrogen from distillery wastewater by a combination of methane fermentation and denitrification/nitrification processes

Introduction D istillery w astew ater m ainly includes spent w ash, w hich is one of the m ost com plex, troublesom e industrial organic effluents. This kind of w astew ater has previously been treated aerobically after dilution w ith other w ash w aters.…     

混凝剂对胶体电动电位的影响研究

混凝剂是通过压缩双电层、吸附电中和、卷扫絮凝、吸附架桥4种方式起到对水中胶体的凝聚作用的,最终达到水处理的效果.通过测量水样中加入混凝剂前后胶体的电动电位(zeta电位),发现混凝剂的投加会使得溶液中胶体的电动电位发生变化,这种变化和混凝机理中混凝剂通过压缩双电层达到胶体凝聚效果的说法是一致的.     

亚硝化过程影响因素分析和讨论

近年来出现的一批生物脱氮新技术,如SHARON、CANON、SHARON-ANAMMOX、OLAND等工艺,很适合于C/N比较低甚至不含有机物的含氨氮废水的处理.如何将硝化过程控制在亚硝化阶段,是保证这些新技术成功的关键.对影响NO-2积累的因素包括温度、pH值、溶解氧、泥龄和抑制剂等进行了分析,从实际应用的角度说明多种控制因素的不足之处,探讨了实现亚硝化过程的理想途径.     

缺氧生物吸附活性污泥法生物脱氮工艺中试研究

结合生物作用机理,提出缺氧生物吸附活性污泥法生物脱氮（ABSAS工艺）工艺,在小试的基础上,进行了中试研究。结果表明,通过强化缺氧吸附作用可提高反硝化作用速率,在仅有污泥回流而无硝化混合液回流的前提下,TN去除仍可达60％～80％。在冬季（8～13℃）进水NH^＋₄－N60mg/L左右、HRT10小时时,NH^＋₄－N去除率达88％以上,出水小于15mg/L。此工艺具有很好的工业应用前景,可在设备投资增加不大的情况下,实现将传统活性污泥法工艺改造为具有生物脱氮功能的工艺     

酸化水体中的藻类研究

为研究酸沉降对水生生态系统的影响,1991年至1992年间,对地处我国重酸雨区域的重庆市郊6个水体中的藻类进行了比较研究,结果表明,绿藻门的种类最多,占种类总数的50％以上,其次是蓝藻或硅藻。藻类的细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素ａ,在酸化水体中（pH值<5.0）分别为23.3～49.9万个/L,0.59～1.05mg/L和0.65～3.01mg/m3;在轻度酸化水体（6.0＞pH值＞5.0）分别为433.9～680.0万个/L,6.6～21.75mg/L和14.66～25.19mg/m3。三项指标均随水体酸度的增加而减少。酸化水体中的藻类生长潜力（AGP）很弱,低pH值和可给态磷的不足是造成AGP低的主要限制因素。     

简捷硝化-反硝化过程处理焦化废水的研究

简捷硝化-反硝化过程处理焦化废水具有去除负荷高、出水浓度低、可节省反硝化碳源等优点.试验表明,当系统进水COD、NH₃-N和TN浓度分别为1204.8、274.3和443mg/L,系统总水力停留时间为26.2h时,系统出水COD、NH₃-N、NO₂^--N、NO₃^--N和TN浓度分别为36.3、12.1、9.25、2.46和44.4mg/L.试验结果还证明本文所采用的系统确实处于简捷硝化-反硝化状态.