单甲脒在水生生物中的积累和释放

本文朱生环境中对单甲脒在鱼和藻类中的积累释放及鱼体中的ＢＣＦ值进行了研究，结果表明，鱼体在３，５，６ｄ的ＢＣＦ值分别为３．５３，４．７３及５．２９，鱼体中单米积累为内脏〉锶〉肌肉，饲养７ｄ达积累最高量；藻类在６ｈ后达积累最高量；单甲脒在水藻和鱼（内脏）的富集比分别为１：３及１：１２。     

Cu在扇贝组织中的蓄积及其对酶活性的影响

采用暴露实验方法，研究了不同浓度的Cu（Cu^2＋）对栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）鳃、肌肉、内脏团组织中Cu蓄积量及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的影响．结果表明：随水体中Cu浓度的升高，扇贝各组织中Cu蓄积量明显上升，Cu蓄积量顺序为：内脏〉鳃〉肌肉．Cu浓度对栉孔扇贝各组织中过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均有明显影响，各组织中酶活性均随Cu浓度升高表现为抑制-诱导-抑制的规律．这表明，栉孔扇贝各组织中CAT酶对水体中Cu污染反映敏感，存在计量-效应关系，对海洋Cu早期污染具有指示作用．图2表1参19     

多效唑在鱼体内的分布,积累与类脂质含量相关性研究

实验水系统中，植物生长调节剂多效唑在鲤科类金鱼体内分布、积累的研究结果表明，＾３Ｈ－ＭＥＴ主要积累在鱼体消化系统；各器官／组织的积累量依次为：肠＞肝＞鳃＞皮＞肉＞骨；多效唑效生物积累因子（ＢＣＦ）和鱼体类脂质含量之间有较高的正相关性。     

Secondary metabolism — evolution and function: Products or processes?

Summary The distinguishing characteristics of secondary metabolism and its associated metabolites are outlined. Current theories relating to the function of secondary metabolism in plants and micro-organisms are enumerated and the view that consideration of the processes rather than the products may best explain the origins of secondary metabolism is discussed.     

煤矸石复垦中的氮素积累途径

进行了煤矸石上种植接菌种草及加覆盖物种植牧草的盆栽和小区试验。结果表明，接菌种植可以显著提高植物的固氮酶活性和结瘤率，改善煤矸石的氮素贫瘠状况，促进牧草根系和地上部分的生长和煤矸石的进一步风化；这些结果在施氮量中等区w(N)=15g/100kg更为明显。同时在煤矸石上加薄层覆盖物种植豆科植物，对其氮素的积累提高和生物性状的同样具有明显的促进作用，并以黄土覆盖效果更佳。这些结果为解决煤矸石复垦中氮素缺乏的问题提供了有效途径。表3参4     

Uptake and accumulation of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soils by Ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.)

Phytoremediation has long been recognized as a cost-effective method for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） from soil. A study was conducted to investigate the uptake and accumulation of PAHs in root and shoot of Lolium perenne L. Pot experiments were conducted with series of concentrations of 3.31-378.37 mg/kg for phenanthrene and those of 4.22-365.38 mg/kg for pyrene in a greenhouse. The results showed that both ryegrass roots and shoots did take up PAHs from spiked soils, and generally increased with increasing concentrations of PAH in soil. Bioconcentration factors（BCFs） of phenanthrene by shoots and roots were 0.24- 4.25 and 0.17-2.12 for the same treatment. BCFs of pyrene by shoots were 0.20-1.5, except for 4.06 in 4.32 mg/kg treatment, much lower than BCFs of pyrene by roots （0.58-2.28）. BCFs of phenanthrene and pyrene tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. Direct uptake and accumulation of these compounds by Lolium perenne L. was very low compared with the other loss pathways, which meant that plant-promoted microbial biodegradation might be the main contribution to plant-enhanced removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in soil. However, the presence of Lolium perenne L. significantly enhanced the removal of phenanthrene and pyrene in spiked soil. At the end of 60 d experiment, the extractable concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene were lower in planted soil than in non-planted soil, about 83.24%-91.98% of phenanthrene and 68.53%-84.10% of pyrene were removed from soils, respectively. The results indicated that the removal of PAHs in contaminated soils was a feasible approach by using Lolium perenne L.     

厌氧／缺氧SBR反硝化除磷效能的研究

采用厌氧 缺氧SBR反应器对以硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷过程进行了研究。结果表明 ,反硝化聚磷菌完全可以在厌氧 缺氧交替运行条件下得到富集。稳定运行的厌氧 缺氧SBR反应器的反硝化除磷效率 >90 % ,出水磷浓度 <1mg L。进水COD浓度对反硝化除磷的效率影响很大 ,在COD浓度 <180mg L时 ,进水COD浓度越高 ,除磷效率也就越高。较高浓度的进水COD浓度将导致有剩余的COD进入缺氧段 ,对反硝化吸磷构成不利影响。污泥龄为 16d时 ,厌氧 缺氧SBR反应器取得稳定和理想的反硝化除磷效果。污泥龄减少到 8d ,由于反硝化聚磷菌的流失导致反硝化除磷效率的下降。当污泥龄恢复到 16d时 ,经过一段时间的运行 ,反硝化聚磷菌重新得到富集 ,除磷效率恢复到 90 %以上。     

红萍在植物治污方面的应用研究进展

植物治污是利用植物清除土壤和水中的各类污染物 ,进行环境治理。水生蕨类植物红萍具有一定的耐污能力 ,可以通过植物活体的富集作用和干体的物理吸附作用 ,从溶液中吸附多种重金属元素及通过植物挥发作用 ,将吸入的硒盐转化为挥发态。在污水中养萍可以去除COD和进行生物脱氮除磷 ,并设计出相应的养萍盘和生物稳定塘系统进行废水处理 ;利用红萍干体填充的滤柱可以用于电镀污水中一些重金属元素吸附回收。本文对红萍近年来在植物治污方面的应用和研究进行了描述和展望     

不同驯化方式实现SBR中部分反硝化的对比研究

部分反硝化（NO₃^--N→NO₂^--N）是一种非常具有前景的硝酸盐废水处理方法,其可以结合厌氧氨氧化实现低碳源、低能耗脱氮.本文以葡萄糖为碳源,对比研究3种部分反硝化驯化方式：R1（SBR缺氧）、R2（SBR缺氧-好氧交替运行）、R3（SBR缺氧搅拌伴随低曝气）.经过120d驯化后,对三种反应器污泥进行沿程实验,探索3种反硝化规律.结果显示引入溶解氧驯化后的R2、R3污泥相比R1能够更好地实现部分反硝化,且R3最佳.采用高通量测序技术,对运行109d时R1,R2,R3进行微生物群落结构对比分析.结果显示在有溶解氧参与的R2,R3反应器中的优势菌属为Candidatus Saccharibacteria,相对丰度分别为45.44%和34.96%,这是该菌首次作为反硝化污泥优势菌属被报道.另外R1反应器中微生物多样性要远大于R2,R3,这也从侧面说明R2,R3的反硝化菌更专性.初始pH值对R3驯化污泥影响的批试实验表明,初始pH值对亚硝酸盐积累有明显影响,且初始pH值越高,亚硝酸盐积累越多.