实验针对厌氧氨氧化反应在双室型MFC阳极和阴极2种形式的耦合,将厌氧氨氧化菌分别接种于a、b-双室型MFC的阳、阴极,并探究其产电、脱氮性能及脱氮机理.结果表明,2种类型的MFC均可在NH+4-N、NO-2-N浓度分别为400 mg·L-1和528 mg·L-1的高氮浓度模拟配水条件下稳定启动.与开路状态下的线性关系曲线不同,2类MFC在闭路状态下氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度均呈单指数关系衰减曲线,脱氮效率显著提高,周期内氨氮、亚硝态氮去除率均分别达到99%和85%以上.另外a、b-MFC平均容积氮去除负荷分别为0.417 kg·m-3·d-1和0.516 kg·m-3·d-1.在外阻1500Ω条件下,a-MFC最高输出电压48.0 m V,b-MFC最高输出电压可达到502.2 m V,b-MFC稳定输电周期约2170 min. 相似文献
This paper reports a study designed to test, evaluate and compare micro-meteorological methods for determining the particle number flux above forest canopies. Half-hour average particle number fluxes above a representative broad-leaved forest in Denmark derived using eddy covariance range from -7x10(7) m(-2) s(-1) (1st percentile) to 5x10(7) m(-2) s(-1) (99th percentile), and have a median value of -1.6x10(6) m(-2) s(-1). The statistical uncertainties associated with the particle number flux estimates are larger than those for momentum fluxes and imply that in this data set approximately half of the particle number fluxes are not statistically different to zero. Particle number fluxes from relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) and eddy covariance are highly correlated and of almost identical magnitude. Flux estimates from the co-spectral and dissipation methods are also correlated with those from eddy covariance but exhibit higher absolute magnitude of fluxes. 相似文献
A hydroponic screening method was used to identify high biomass crop plants with the ability to accumulate metals. Highest values of shoot accumulation were found in maize cv. Ranchero, rapeseed cv. Karat, and cardoon cv. Peralta for Pb (18 753 mg kg(-1)), Zn (10 916 mg kg(-1)), and Cd (242 mg kg(-1)), respectively. Subsequently, we tested the potential of these three cultivars for the phytoextraction of a metal spiked compost, finding out that, in cardoon and maize plants, increasing Zn and Cd concentrations led to lower values of root and shoot DW. By contrast, rapeseed shoot growth was not significantly affected by Cd concentration. Finally, a metal polluted soil was used to check these cultivars' phytoextraction capacity. Although the soil was phytotoxic enough to prevent the growth of cardoon and rapeseed plants, maize plants phytoextracted 3.7 mg Zn pot(-1). We concluded that the phytoextraction performance of cultivars varies depending on the screening method used. 相似文献
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is an erosion model to estimate average soil loss that would generally result from
splash, sheet, and rill erosion from agricultural plots. Recently, use of USLE has been extended as a useful tool predicting
soil losses and planning control practices in agricultural watersheds by the effective integration of the GIS-based procedures
to estimate the factor values in a grid cell basis. This study was performed in the Kazan Watershed located in the central
Anatolia, Turkey, to predict soil erosion risk by the USLE/GIS methodology for planning conservation measures in the site.
Rain erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), and cover management factor (C) values of the model were calculated from erosivity
map, soil map, and land use map of Turkey, respectively. R values were site-specifically corrected using DEM and climatic
data. The topographical and hydrological effects on the soil loss were characterized by LS factor evaluated by the flow accumulation
tool using DEM and watershed delineation techniques. From resulting soil loss map of the watershed, the magnitude of the soil
erosion was estimated in terms of the different soil units and land uses and the most erosion-prone areas where irreversible
soil losses occurred were reasonably located in the Kazan watershed. This could be very useful for deciding restoration practices
to control the soil erosion of the sites to be severely influenced. 相似文献
Use of sewage sludge, a biological residue produced from sewage treatment processes in agriculture is an alternative disposal technique of waste. To study the usefulness of sewage sludge amendment for palak (Beta vulgaris var. Allgreen H-1), a leafy vegetable and consequent heavy metal contamination, a pot experiment was conducted by mixing sewage sludge at 20% and 40% (w/w) amendment ratios to the agricultural soil. Soil pH decreased whereas electrical conductance, organic carbon, total N, available P and exchangeable Na, K and Ca increased in soil amended with sewage sludge in comparison to unamended soil. Sewage sludge amendment led to significant increase in Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni concentrations of soil. Cd concentration in soil was found above the Indian permissible limit in soil at both the amendment ratios.
The increased concentration of heavy metals in soil due to sewage sludge amendment led to increases in heavy metal uptake and shoot and root concentrations of Ni, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn in plants as compared to those grown on unamended soil. Accumulation was more in roots than shoots for most of the heavy metals. Concentrations of Cd, Ni and Zn were more than the permissible limits of Indian standard in the edible portion of palak grown on different sewage sludge amendments ratios. Sewage sludge amendment in soil decreased root length, leaf area and root biomass of palak at both the amendment ratios, whereas shoot biomass and yield decreased significantly at 40% sludge amendment. Rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content decreased whereas lipid peroxidation, peroxidase activity and protein and proline contents, increased in plants grown in sewage sludge-amended soil as compared to those grown in unamended soil.
The study clearly shows that increase in heavy metal concentration in foliage of plants grown in sewage sludge-amended soil caused unfavorable changes in physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants leading to reductions in morphological characteristics, biomass accumulation and yield. The study concludes that sewage sludge amendment in soil for growing palak may not be a good option due to risk of contamination of Cd, Ni and Zn and also due to lowering of yield at higher mixing ratio. 相似文献