东方香蒲(Typha orientalis Presl)对铅的富集特征及其EDTA效应分析

通过野外调查和水培试验，研究了生长在永州铅锌铜尾矿上的优势植物东方香蒲（Typha orientalis Presl）对铅的富集特征及EDTA对其吸收和运输铅的影响。野外调查表明，东方香蒲对铅有很强的富集作用，其地上部分铅平均质量分数为619mg／kg，地下部分铅平均质量分数为1233mg／kg。营养液培养试验进一步证实了它的强富集能力，其地上和地下部分的铅质量分数都远远超过了超富集定义的参考值（1000mg／kg）。分析结果表明，东方香蒲是一种新的铅富集型植物，EDTA的加入不仅增加了植株对铅的吸收量，而且增大了铅在植株体内的转运系数。同时，铅对植株的毒害症状也得到缓解。     

塔里木盆地哈得逊油田油气成藏机理

哈得逊地区是塔里木盆地近期黑油勘探的重点地区 ,石炭系中泥岩段和东河砂岩段是勘探的两个主要目的层 ,两个层系目前均获得高产油流。笔者从烃源岩分析、构造演化、油气的运移聚集几个方面对哈得逊油田的成藏规律进行研究 ,认为石岩系中泥岩段和东河砂岩原油均来自中上奥陶统烃源岩 ,并且由于塔北的构造反转作用使得哈得逊地区原油与塔北地区具同源性质。哈得逊地区石炭系以发育低幅度背斜及受东河砂岩尖灭线控制的复合圈闭为基本特征 ,具面积大、幅度小的特点。这是在没有断层的条件下 ,不整合面作为长距离运移通道的一个典型地区 ,其中区域构造反转对后期油气的运移和聚集起着决定作用     

Heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating

Seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating were investigated. With EDTA application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. The enrichment coefficients of Lolium perenne L（L） and Festuca arundinacea L（F） to Cr reached 9.4.5 and 6.15 respectively. In the range of EDTA dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing EDTA level. There were significant differences in remediation of different metals by applying EDTA. L had high ability to accumulate Cr, Cd, Ni and Zn, showing better remediation to heavy metals of rubbish compost. In contrast, F showed high ability to accumulate Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. Low EDTA level increased aboveground net primary production （ANP） of turfgrass, but EDTA would considerably inhibit it when EDTA was higher than 20 mmol/kg. The results demonstrated that the optimum dosage of EDTA for remediating heavy metals in rubbish compost by turfgrass was between 10 mmol/kg and 20 mmol/kg.     

废水半硝化脱氮新工艺

对国内外正在研究开发的一种新的生物脱氮技术 :厌氧半硝化工艺 (SHARON)进行了介绍 ,对传统生物脱氮工艺和新的生物脱氮工艺的原理进行了比较 ,分析了这种新工艺的理论基础、运行条件、特点和存在的问题等 ,并对厌氧半硝化工艺未来的发展进行了预测     

颗粒物捕集器在港口疏浚监测中的应用

颗粒物捕集器技术首次应用到港口疏浚监测中，通过对现场疏浚悬浮颗粒物的监测以及对生物的急性半致死浓度的模拟实验研究，建立了一套较完整的疏浚监测系统和技术，可以更有效和直观地反映疏浚过程中对养殖海区生物的影响。现场调查和实验结果表明：在疏浚区和养殖区交界处疏浚悬浮物在海水表面的垂直通量为１２．６８ｍｇ／（ｃｍ＾２．ｄ），中层为２５．４１ｍｇ／（ｃｍ＾２．ｄ）；在养殖中心区表层为７．５８ｍｇ／（ｃｍ＾２     

PAC-MBR处理垃圾渗滤液的硝化性能研究

研究了粉末活性炭（PAC）作为载体的膜生物反应器（MBR）处理吹脱后垃圾渗滤液的硝化性能。在HRT=3d、NH4^＋N=200～500mg／L条件下，进水pH〉8．7时，PAC-MBR和没有添加PAC的普通MBR均只能将氨氮转化为NO2^-；降低pH至7．6～8．2时，PAC—MBR中的亚硝酸盐氧化菌迅速恢复活性，将NO／完全转化为硝酸盐，而普通MBR仍然停留在亚硝化阶段；当吹脱取消后，NO／迅速消失，这可能与取消吹脱后，不再使用大量硫酸进行pH调节有关。研究发现，当SO4^2-为3g／L时，氨氮氧化速度出现了明显的下降，表明SO4^2-对硝化菌具有抑制作用；同时，微生物代谢产物（SMP）分泌量越高，NO2^-含量越低，但是SMP不是影响NO2^-积累的主要原因。     

Response of antioxidants in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown on different amendments of tannery sludge: its metal accumulation potential

The interaction of metals present in tannery waste and their tolerance in the plants of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was studied in the present paper under field conditions. Effects of 100% tannery sludge and various amendments of tannery sludge (10%, 25%, 35%, 50%, 75%) along with one set of control were studied on the physiological and biochemical parameters of the plant along with their metal accumulation potential after 30, 60 and 90 d after sowing. The plants of H. annuus were found effective in the accumulation of metals (Cr, Fe, Zn and Mn) in roots, shoots and leaves, however, the level of toxic metal, Cr was found below detection limit in the seeds of the plant. The oil was extracted from the seeds of the plant and the level of oil content was increased up to 35% tannery sludge as compared to control followed by decrease at higher tannery sludge ratio. An increase in the chlorophyll, protein, cysteine, non-protein thiol and sugar contents was observed at the lower amendment of tannery sludge at initial exposure periods followed by decrease than their respective controls. Malondialdehyde content in the roots and leaves was increased beyond 50% sludge amendments at all the exposure periods as compared to control. However, proline and ascorbic acid contents of the roots and leaves of the plant increased at all the exposure periods and sludge amendments, compared to their respective controls.     

珠江三角洲典型地区蔬菜硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐污染评价

研究了珠江三角洲典型地区中山市大型蔬菜生产基地中9种蔬菜30个样品中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐的污染现状,初步摸清了蔬菜中硝酸盐及亚硝酸盐的污染状况。并以WHO/FAO规定的日允许摄入量换算得到的标准评价了其主要蔬菜品种的硝酸盐污染状况。结果表明:在被调查的蔬菜中,硝酸盐含量由高到低依次为菜心→白菜>芥菜→空心菜→生菜→瓜果类,菜心、芥菜和白菜为严重污染,生菜与空心菜为重污染,瓜果类蔬菜为轻污染;亚硝酸盐含量普遍较低,均未超标。因而有必要采取有效的污染防治措施控制该地区蔬菜中的硝酸盐污染状况。     

新型生物脱氮工艺的研究进展

新型生物脱氮技术已经在国内外展开了广泛的研究和应用,为废水脱氮处理提供了一个实用而节能的新途径。该技术基于氨氮从短程硝化途径转化为氮气的生物反应过程,根据反应条件的不同,主要包括亚硝酸盐存在条件下的高活性氨氮去除反应器 (SHARON);厌氧氨氧化工艺(ANAMMOX);亚硝酸盐存在的条件下全程自养脱氮过程(CANON);限氧自养硝化反硝化(OLAND)。介绍了国内外对新型工艺运行参数和影响因素(DO,ORP,pH等)的研究状况,以及新型生物脱氮反应器研究成果。     

长江口南汇东滩淤涨演变分析

根据1983－1999年历年地形测图和1999年4月-2000年3月潮滩断面定位观测的相对高程记录，结合潮滩水文泥沙观测资料，对长江口南汇东滩的淤涨演变进行分析。结果表明，不断淤涨的平缓潮滩在风暴浪和常浪作用下发生相就应的突变和渐变，并且常浪对滩面起洗平作用，而风暴浪对滩面起掀掘作用。潮流携带细颗粒泥沙塑造潮滩，通过上、下滩水体含沙量之差可计算潮滩的堆积速率，从滩坡平衡原理可计算潮滩水平扩展趋势。计算结果得到南汇潮滩堆积速率为4．5cm/a，淤涨速率40－50m／a，写实测资料相符。