半石硝化-厌氧氨氧化脱氮新工艺

介绍了半硝化－厌氧氨氧化脱氮新工艺，分析了它的机理、环境条件要求及可持续意义。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气的运移与聚集

通过对上古生界烃源岩天然气排气史、天然气运移方向和沉积相带的展布等综合分析 ,可将上古生界天然气的运移聚集分为三叠纪—早白垩世和早白垩世后两个阶段。在三叠纪—早白垩世阶段 ,天然气运移方向主要是向北 ,而在早白垩世后阶段 ,天然气主要是就近运移聚集而成藏 ,这一阶段是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气重要的运移与聚集期 ,故上古生界煤成气藏的成藏期较晚。鄂尔多斯盆地北部和中部的靖边古三角洲是天然气聚集的有利地区 ,具有较好的天然气勘探前景     

种子中镉的积累对蚕豆(Vicia faba)质量的影响

由于镉在蚕豆种子中的积累而使其品质显著变劣,生活力下降,种子蛋白质、氨基酸和淀粉含量与镉的积累量间呈显著负相关。当镉积累量高于5ppm和5.65ppm后,种子必需氨基酸和可溶性糖含量分别低于对照。种子脂肪含量与镉积累量之间无线性相关。含镉种子萌发时,蛋白水解酶、淀粉酶活性均随镉积累量的增加而降低;过氧化物酶及其同工酶活性则随镉积累量的增加而升高,同工酶酶谱区带数也比对照多出2—4条,显示了含镉种子萌发时生理活性的改变。     

Effects of nitrite on phosphate uptake in anaerobic-oxic process

An anaerobic-oxic (A/O) biological phosphorus removal reactor was operated to study the effect of nitrite on phosphate uptake. The phosphorus uptake profile was determined under different operating conditions. The results indicated that in addition to oxygen and nitrate (DPB_Na, nitrate denitrifying phosphorus removal), to some extent, nitrite could also serve as an electron acceptor to achieve nitrite denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPB_Ni). The quantity and rate of phosphorus uptake of DPB_Ni, however, were evidently lower than that of DPB_Na. The experiment results revealed that nitrite would bring toxic action to phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) when NO₂ ⁻-N ⩾ 93.7 mg/L. The nitrite existing in the anoxic reactor made no difference to the quantity and rate of denitrifying phosphorus removal, but it could reduce the consumption of nitrate. Moreover, the data showed that the aerobic phosphate uptake of DPB_Ni was lower than that of anaerobic phosphorus-released sludge in a traditional A/O process. However, there was not much difference between these two kinds of sludge in terms of the total phosphorus uptake quantity and the effluent quality. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(4): 701–703 [译自: 环境科学]     

有机无机肥配合施用对菜园土壤及蔬菜硝酸盐类动态的影响

通过田间小区试验和室内测定,研究了有机肥与化肥以不同比例配合施用对小白菜硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量以及土壤硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明:有机肥与化肥配合施用可以明显降低小白菜硝酸盐含量,减少硝酸盐在土壤剖面中向下淋溶,尤以有机肥与化肥施用比例为1∶1(质量比)时小白菜产量较高,体内硝酸盐含量较低,土壤下层的硝酸盐含量也较低,达到蔬菜高产优质,生态环境清洁健康的目标。     

塔里木盆地哈得逊油田油气成藏机理

哈得逊地区是塔里木盆地近期黑油勘探的重点地区 ,石炭系中泥岩段和东河砂岩段是勘探的两个主要目的层 ,两个层系目前均获得高产油流。笔者从烃源岩分析、构造演化、油气的运移聚集几个方面对哈得逊油田的成藏规律进行研究 ,认为石岩系中泥岩段和东河砂岩原油均来自中上奥陶统烃源岩 ,并且由于塔北的构造反转作用使得哈得逊地区原油与塔北地区具同源性质。哈得逊地区石炭系以发育低幅度背斜及受东河砂岩尖灭线控制的复合圈闭为基本特征 ,具面积大、幅度小的特点。这是在没有断层的条件下 ,不整合面作为长距离运移通道的一个典型地区 ,其中区域构造反转对后期油气的运移和聚集起着决定作用     

pH值和碳氮比对亚硝酸型反硝化影响的研究

利用序批式反应器中长期驯化好的以亚硝酸盐为主要基质的纯种污泥，做锥形瓶实验，分别研究pH和碳氮比对亚硝酸型反硝化的影响。结果表明，亚硝酸型反硝化适宜的pH范围在7．7～8．6，最佳pH值在8．2左右；碳氮比（C／N）大于1．94，可实现连续稳定的脱氮效果，起始亚硝氮比基质降解速率随C／N的增加而增加，大于3．11速率几乎不再增加，通过动力学分析，得出该实验条件下C／N的饱和常数Ks为9．36。     

黔西北土法炼锌区典型植物体内重金属的积累研究

对黔西北土法炼锌导致的重金属严重污染地区生长茂盛的自然植被及其根部土壤进行了重金属分析测试。土壤重金属形态用连续提取法区分为有效态和强结合态,结果发现植物体内的重金属含量与土壤中有效态的重金属含量成正比。所分析的4种植物体内的Pb、Zn、Cd含量表现为Zn>Pb>Cd。接骨草(SambucusChinensis)和柳叶苦荬菜(Ixerisgracilis)在体内富集、运输重金属元素的能力很强,是对污染区生态重建非常有前景的植物。     

Heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating

Seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating were investigated. With EDTA application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. The enrichment coefficients of Lolium perenne L（L） and Festuca arundinacea L（F） to Cr reached 9.4.5 and 6.15 respectively. In the range of EDTA dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing EDTA level. There were significant differences in remediation of different metals by applying EDTA. L had high ability to accumulate Cr, Cd, Ni and Zn, showing better remediation to heavy metals of rubbish compost. In contrast, F showed high ability to accumulate Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. Low EDTA level increased aboveground net primary production （ANP） of turfgrass, but EDTA would considerably inhibit it when EDTA was higher than 20 mmol/kg. The results demonstrated that the optimum dosage of EDTA for remediating heavy metals in rubbish compost by turfgrass was between 10 mmol/kg and 20 mmol/kg.     

杨树、落叶松对土壤重金属的吸收及修复研究

在沈阳生态实验站开展了木本植物对土壤重金属的吸收积累及修复效应的研究,实验结果表明,重金属污染物已影响了杨树(Populus canadensis)的正常生长,Cd、Cu、Zn复合污染处理杨树总生物量比对照下降了26%。Cd、Cu、Zn处理杨树和落叶松重金属吸收量多于对照,杨树叶Cd、根Cu重金属吸收量分别比对照增加了2.09倍、2.2倍。落叶松(Larix koreana)根Cd、Cu、Zn的吸收量比对照分别增加了2.17、1.95和1.42倍。树木体内重金属元素迁移能力的大小分别为Cd>Zn>Cu,重金属吸收系数大小依次为杨树>落叶松,重金属在杨树体内的迁移能力及地上部吸收能力要大于落叶松。土壤一旦遭受重金属污染(Cd、Cu、Zn),通过木本植物杨树、落叶松修复净化的时间相当漫长。