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61.
Humic acids, especially FA in fractions, contain more oxygen functional groups. In this experiment, on the basis of confirming the action of humic acids on KBD, what was studied is the biological effects of one of main oxygen functional groups, hydroxy group (-OH). The results indicate that inducing pathologic process of KBD, obviously decrease the GSH-Px activity and induce peroxidation membrane injury of tissue. The SOD activity increase in the tissues caused by oxygen functional groups showed that enhancing of free radical reaction should not be neglected. 相似文献
62.
基于2005—2015年OMI反演的甲醛柱浓度月均数据,对中国及境内典型城市群甲醛柱浓度时空变化及影响因子进行了分析.结果发现,甲醛柱浓度高值区集中在京津冀中南部、山东西部、河南北部、江浙沪、珠三角、湖北东部、湖南东部、广西、四川与重庆交界.2005—2015年中国甲醛柱浓度总体呈上升趋势,其中,京津冀地区增长趋势最明显,江浙沪地区呈略微下降趋势.中国、京津冀及江浙沪地区夏季甲醛柱浓度明显高于其余3个季节,呈明显的周期性变化;2005—2015年中国4个季节甲醛柱浓度均呈增加趋势,京津冀地区除夏季外其余3个季节也呈增加趋势,江浙沪和珠三角地区各季节甲醛柱浓度变化趋势不一致.近11年,中国、京津冀和江浙沪地区7月甲醛柱浓度最高,珠三角地区9月甲醛柱浓度最高.京津冀和江浙沪地区甲醛柱浓度月最高值和月最低值之间的差异大于珠三角地区.中国、京津冀、江浙沪和珠三角地区近11年秸秆焚烧与相应甲醛柱浓度呈明显正相关,相关系数为0.84~1.00,表明秸秆焚烧是影响近11年甲醛柱浓度变化的重要因子.尽管有些区域季节温度与相应甲醛柱浓度呈负相关,但温度总体也是影响中国及这3个典型城市群甲醛柱浓度变化的另一个重要因子,京津冀地区尤其明显.月平均温度与相应甲醛柱浓度的相关系数为0.52~0.85.人口、民用汽车保有量和国内生产总值与中国、京津冀、江浙沪和珠三角地区相应甲醛柱浓度相关系数均低于0.60.影响因子分析结果暗示控制秸秆焚烧和减少温室效应是降低我国甲醛柱浓度的重要途径. 相似文献
63.
为减少弱势人群居家安全伤害事故,采用分析法对某街道社区的医疗伤害监测系统数据进行分析,结合对儿童的问卷调查。结果显示,这个街道老年人、残疾人发生伤害事故比例最高的是跌倒,分析发生伤害的原因,除其身体因素外,缺乏居家安全防护设施及相适应的辅助工具是主要原因;儿童伤害主要是由于缺乏安全知识和好奇心导致。通过有针对性的对老人、儿童、残疾人的安全知识宣传和居家安全设施的改善可以降低伤害事故率。 相似文献
64.
为了研究老化作用对生物炭性质及其对重金属Cd吸附的影响,将浮萍生物炭(LM)分别进行了高温老化(high temperature aging)、冻融循环老化(freeze-thaw cyclesaging)和自然老化(spontaneous aging),通过SEM-EDS、FTIR和吸附实验探究可能存在的变化机理。结果显示:冻融循环老化和高温老化会使生物炭表面O/C分别增加56.98%和90.14%,自然老化比较缓慢,对生物炭O/C影响不大。高温老化使生物炭表面羟基转化为羧基,为羧基化过程;冻融循环老化会使生物炭表面羟基增加,其他官能团基本不变;自然老化条件下,生物炭表面官能团无明显变化。老化作用增强了生物炭对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附,冻融循环、高温、自然老化作用使LM最大平衡吸附量分别增加了32.67%,83.17%,15.97%。研究表明生物炭的老化会使生物炭本身性质发生变化,但这一变化有利于生物炭对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附,生物炭在环境中具有较好的稳定性。 相似文献
65.
A multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust: Individual,dyadic, and cross‐level predictors of performance
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While it is generally known that interpersonal trust facilitates individual functioning, few studies have examined the role of specific features of the interpersonal trust network — individual, dyadic, third‐party, and network‐level features — on individual performance. We adopt a multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust to examine how individuals' performance is not only predicted by their individual‐level centrality in the interpersonal trust network but also moderated, at the network level, by the overall centralized nature of that network. Further, we examine whether mutual trust relationships at the dyadic level, as well as shared trust ties to common third parties, can predict individuals' performance. We test our hypotheses with 206 members in 15 professional networking groups and find that interpersonal trust operates at multiple levels to predict members' performance in terms of generating income from business referrals. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications on how interpersonal trust relationships operate and can be managed for performance gains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
66.
Micheli Dassi Naiéli S. Souto Ana C. M. Braga Mayara L. Freitas Clarissa Vasconcelos Mauro S. Oliveira 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):840-845
AbstractFu monisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin commonly found in maize and maize-based products. Ingestion of FB1-contaminated causes a myriad of dose- and species-dependent toxic effects to human and animal health. In the present study we evaluated the effects of FB1 (8?mg/kg, i.p. for 4?days) on body weight and oxidative stress parameters in the liver, kidney and lung of C57BL/6 male mice. No changes in the organ-to-body weight ratio, organ-to-adrenal gland weight ratio or organ-to-brain weight ratio were found. On the other hand, FB1 exposure increased NPSH levels in liver and lungs whereas decreased FRAP content in liver and kidneys. Levels of TBARS, ascorbic acid and NOx content were not altered by FB1. In summary, four days of FB1 exposure are sufficient to disrupt antioxidant defenses in liver, kidneys and lungs of C57BL/6 male mice without concomitant changes in organs weight. 相似文献
67.
Local Biodiversity Action Plans are the preferred policy mechanism for setting and delivering local biodiversity targets in the UK. This paper reviews the kind of knowledge conservation scientists envisage being used to identify and set local targets, and explores the means of incorporating local knowledge into this process. We use a case study of a Wildlife Enhancement Scheme (WES) on the Pevensey Levels, East Sussex, to reveal the understandings that local farmers and residents have of the nature conservation goals and practices associated with the scheme. Drawing on the findings of in-depth discussion groups, we show how farmers challenge both the monopoly of knowledge conservationists profess about nature, and the enlistment of farmers on the scheme as «technicians», motivated solely by financial rewards, rather than as knowledgeable experts who also have emotional attachments and ethical values for nature. Local people use their knowledge of both local farmers, and the industry in general, to challenge the assumption that farmers can be trusted with delivering nature conservation goals. In the absence of a commitment by central government to agree widely-held environmental standards, and a more democratic process of making judgements about what local nature is worth conserving, local residents challenge existing processes designed to conserve nature that are driven by the knowledge and practices of official experts alone. The findings of the study suggest that a widening of the knowledge base on which the goals and practices of nature conservation are founded, and a more deliberative process of making decisions about what nature is important locally, will secure and strengthen public support for local biodiversity action plans.1998 Academic Press 相似文献
68.
Climate change vulnerability is disproportionately distributed between different population segments in society. This study qualitatively explores how key stakeholders in municipalities (i.e. planning and operational staff in municipalities and the vulnerable themselves) construct social vulnerability in relation to climate change with a specific focus on thermal stress (i.e. heat waves) and which adaptive responses they identify at different levels. The empirical material consists of five focus groups with actors in a large Swedish municipality where the “Vulnerability Factor Card Game” was used as stimulus material to create 10 fictional individuals. The results show that there is a substantial amount of local knowledge about vulnerability drivers and inter-relations between social factors and vulnerability. Local decision-makers also defined a wide range of possible adaptation measures at different municipal levels. Our study clearly indicates that contextualised knowledge, which could complement the quantitative approaches in research, is abundant among municipal planners, staff employed at municipal operations such as health care, and among the vulnerable themselves. This knowledge remains untapped by research to a great extent and only seems to have an insignificant influence on policy-making. In particular, how impacts vary between different social and demographic groups and how adaptation strategies that target the most vulnerable could be defined are of great interest. The present study clearly indicates that social hierarchy may produce increased inequality in the specific context of climate change, vulnerability and adaptive responses at different levels. 相似文献
69.
A novel material, aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 (NH2-Mn-SBA-15), was synthesized by bonding 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) onto manganese-loaded SBA-15 (Mn-SBA-15) and used as a Cu2 + adsorbent in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the NH2-Mn-SBA-15. The ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was remained after modification. The manganese oxides were mainly loaded on the internal surface of the pore channels while the aminopropyl groups were mainly anchored on the external surface of SBA-15. The adsorption of Cu2 + on NH2-Mn-SBA-15 was fitted well by the Langmuir equation and the maximum adsorption capacity of NH2-Mn-SBA-15 for Cu2 + was over two times higher than that of Mn-SBA-15 under the same conditions. The Elovich equation gave a good fit for the adsorption process of Cu2 + by NH2-Mn-SBA-15 and Mn-SBA-15. Both the loaded manganese oxides and the anchored aminopropyl groups were found to contribute to the uptake of Cu2 +. The NH2-Mn-SBA-15 showed high selectivity for copper ions. Consecutive adsorption–desorption experiments showed that the NH2-Mn-SBA-15 could be regenerated by acid treatment without altering its properties. 相似文献
70.