Effects of cultivation on N2O emission and seasonal quantitative variations of related microbes in a temperate grassland soil

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｎｉｔｒｏｕｓｏｘｉｄｅ (Ｎ2 Ｏ)ｉｓａｖｅｒｙｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｌｙａｃｔｉｖｅｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅｇａｓ,ａｌｓｏｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎｏｆｏｚｏｎｅｌａｙｅｒｏｆｓｔｒａｔｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ .ＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＮ2 Ｏｍａｉｎｌｙｏｒｉｇｉｎａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｎｉｔｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｒｅｓｔｒｉａｌｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ.Ｇｒａｓｓｌａｎｄｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ａｃｃｏｕｎ…     

Nitrogen cycling of atmosphere-plant-soft system in the typical Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China

The nitrogen(N)distribution and cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (TMCW)and marsh meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland(MMCW)in the Sanjiang plain were studied by a compartment model.The results showed that the N wet deposition amount was 0.757 gN/(m~2.a),and total inorganic N(TIN)was the main body (0.640 gN/(m~2.a)).The ammonia volatilization amounts of TMCW and MMCW soils in growing season were 0.635 and 0.687 gN/m~2, and the denitrification gaseous lost amounts were 0.617 and 0.405 gN/m~2,respectively.In plant subsystem,the N was mainly stored in root and litter.Soil organic N was the main N storage of the two plant-soil systems and the proportions of it were 93.98% and 92.16%, respectively.The calculation results of N turnovers among compartments of TMCW and MMCW showed that the uptake amounts of root were 23.02 and 28.18 gN/(m~2.a)and the values of aboveground were 11.31 and 6.08 gN/(m~2.a),the re-translocation amounts from aboveground to root were 5.96 and 2.70 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from aboveground living body to litter were 5.35 and 3.38 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from litter to soil were larger than 1.55 and 3.01 gN/(m~2.a),the translocation amounts from root to soil were 14.90 and 13.17 gN/(m~2.a),and the soil(0-15 cm)N net mineralization amounts were 1.94 and 0.55 gN/(m~2.a), respectively.The study of N balance indicated that the two plant-soil systems might be situated in the status of lacking N,and the status might induce the degradation of C.angustifolia wetland.     

生物脱氮研究的新进展——全程自养脱氮工艺

介绍了生物脱氮研究的最新进展———全程自养脱氮工艺,并全面、系统地论述和分析了全程自养脱氮工艺的机理、自养脱氮工艺实现方式及其特点与技术关键,并指出了今后应着重研究的几个方面。     

稳高压消防水系统的应用

武汉石油化工厂针对原消防水系统存在的问题,投资新建了稳高压消防水系统.本文对系统的内容、试运中存在的问题以及解决办法和测试情况进行了分析、讨论.     

草浆造纸中段废水的生物处理动力学

利用静态溶解氧消耗速率（OUR）试验模拟草浆造纸中段废水生物处理的生化反应过程,并运用Lawrence-McCarty模式进行了动力学分析。由OUR试验结果和小试研究结果建立的草浆造纸中段废水好氧生物处理的动力学方程为v=0.72S/(60.43 S）。将该动力学方程预测结果和实际工程的运行数据进行了比较,结果表明,动力学方程的比基质降解速率预测值高于实际工程的计算值,分析原因可能在于：实际工程中中段废水中的纤维素类悬溪物在生物处理装置的积累导致了污泥活性的降低。     

废干电池浸出的试验研究

以锌碳电池和碱性锌锰电池为实验对象，通过固体废物浸出毒性试验，探讨废电池在不同破坏程度、不同pH值和不同浸取级数条件下的浸出规律。试验发现，锌碳电池中Pb、Cd、zn、Mn浸出浓度相对较高，碱性锌锰电池中Cu、As、Hg浸出浓度较高。对于锌碳电池，中性浸取剂和酸性浸聚剂影响不大，而对于碱性锌锰电池，酸性浸取剂条件下浸浓度反而较低。锌碳电池和碱性锌锰电池都是在完全破坏条件下浸出浓度高。在实际中，电池外壳腐蚀是一个缓慢的过程。     

TiO2光催化技术在有害气体净化中的应用

主要介绍了TiO2光催化技术在有害气体净化中的应用、提高TiO2光化效率的方法以及影响TiO2光催化效率的因素。     

西湖底泥不同供氧条件下有机质降解及CO2与CH4释放速率的模拟研究

采用密闭培养实验装置于室温（２５℃左右）及ｐＨ为７５条件下，对西湖底泥中有机质完全降解及转化为ＣＯ２和ＣＨ４的速率进行了模拟研究．结果表明，在西湖湖水现有供氧水平（５０—８６ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ）条件下，底泥中有机质完全降解的速率最为缓慢，培养期间（４２天）平均只有０７２ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·ｄ）．当湖水供氧水平进一步上升（８６→１２０→１６０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＯ２释放速率增加，最大值可达到８７ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）；当湖水供氧水平下降（８６→０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＨ４释放速率加快，最大值可达到４６ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）．     

Mechanisms of granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized-bed process for treating phenols wastewater

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＢｅｆｏｒｅｔｈｅ 1 980ｓｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓｏｆｐｈｅｎｏｌｓｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒａｒｅｓｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎ ,ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｅｒｏｂｉｃｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ.Ａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｕｎｉｔｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄｓｌｕｄｇｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｓｍａｉｎｏｎｅ.Ａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅ 1 980ｓａｎａｅｒｏｂｉｃｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃ…     

马铃薯淀粉废水的碱式聚合氧化铝处理

本文介绍了用碱式聚合氯化铝处理高浓度有机淀粉废水的效果。用实验室配制的CODw浓度为10000－15000mg/L的淀粉废水以不同用量的碱式聚合氯化铝为絮凝剂处理后，CODw去除率达到28％－47％，再经吸附柱吸附后，CODw去除率可达到65％。