氮肥和磷肥对稻田N2O排放的影响

通过模拟南方稻田施用不同量的氮肥和磷肥的实验来探讨N和P对稻田释放N2O的影响.结果表明,水稻田N2O排放通量的较大值主要出现在3次烤田期;氮肥和磷肥对土壤中产生N2O的贡献主要在水稻生长中后期,从第1次烤田起(移栽后34d),氮肥和磷肥都表现为对N2O排放有促进作用;而低氮对N2O排放的刺激作用没有高氮的作用明显,且N2处理(180kg/hm2)、N1处理(90kg/hm2)和N0处理(没有施肥)之间的平均N2O排放差异不显著.在水稻生长中后期(第1次烤田后),N3处理(270kg/hm2)和N4处理(360kg/hm2)的较高水平的氮肥加入能强烈刺激N2O排放.     

Comparison of biomass production and biological nitrogen fixation of multi-species pastures (mixed herb leys) with perennial ryegrass-white clover pasture with and without irrigation in Canterbury, New Zealand

Legume-based pastures in Australasia are predominantly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). These pastures have disadvantages such as limitations in the production and persistence of white clover and ryegrass in drought prone regions. With the increasing interest in organic agriculture, more complex pasture mixtures are seen as an alternative to the standard ryegrass-white clover (RWC) pasture. Although anecdotal evidence exists to support the benefits of alternative pastures, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support or refute these claims. The present study was conducted to compare three different alternative multi-species (mixed herb leys) (MSP) pastures with the standard RWC pasture with and without irrigation, in terms of biomass and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) over a period of 1 year under field conditions in Canterbury, New Zealand. Isotopic dilution technique involving field ¹⁵N-microplots were used to measure BNF. Irrigation doubled dry matter yields (DMY) of all pastures compared with those under dryland. There was no significant difference between DMY of all pastures under dryland. However, under irrigation, MSP pastures out-yield RWC pasture in total and legume DMY. Red clover MSP produced significantly lower DMY than the comprehensive or lucerne MSP treatment, probably due to the ability of lucerne in extracting water from deeper soil depth. Seasonal changes in plant composition varied according to the species sown, soil moisture status and temperature. Total and seasonal amounts of N₂ fixed followed the same trend as the DMY and were related to the DMY of legumes. On average, about 26–34 kg N was fixed per tonne of legume DMY, showing a uniformity across all pastures. Overall, based on the present results of 1-year study, the MSP pastures tend to result in higher DMY, BNF and legume growth compared with that of the RWC pasture, provided irrigation is available. With increased BNF, these irrigated MSP pastures may provide high quality feed to grazing animals.     

不同状态下包气带除氮及阻止氮污染能力的实验研究

通过土柱模拟实验方法对包气带三种状态下，即天然自净、分别向包气带介质中注入营养以及人工培殖的高效脱氮菌，阻止氮污染及除氮能力进行了研究与评价。结果发现向包气带介质中注入人工培殖的高效脱氮菌这种状态具有很强的除氮和阻止氮污染的能力，进而给出了该种状态下细菌脱氮反应动力学模型。为实施利用包气带进行污水除氮和控制面源氮源污提供了科学依据。     

浅谈SBR污水处理技术的进展

综述了SBR法曝气、脱氮除磷的研究进展，归纳了经典及新型SBR工艺的特点，SBR法的发展前途。     

氮气密封技术在储运生产中的应用

概述了油品蒸发损耗的机理.介绍了氮气密封技术在储运生产中的应用.认为采用氮气密封技术降低油品蒸发的损耗,具有投资小、见效快、降低蒸发损耗效果显著等优点.     

聚醋酸乙烯储罐氮封系统失效原因分析与对策

聚乙烯醇是一种用途相当广泛的水溶性高分子聚合物,某企业采用醋酸乙烯溶液聚合生产聚醋酸乙烯溶液,聚醋酸乙烯溶液再经过醇解反应生产聚乙烯醇。在聚乙烯醇装置醇解罐区共有12个储罐用于储存聚醋酸乙烯,分析储罐氮封系统现状,存在尾气管道积液不畅、呼吸阀频繁开启、供氮阀不按设定值开闭等问题,从本质安全的角度,提出了解决措施,确保储罐安全运行。     

Study of control strategy and simulation in anoxic-oxic nitrogen removal process

The control strategy and simulation of external carbon addition were specially studied in an anoxic-oxic(A/O) process with low carbon: nitrogen(C/N) domestic wastewater. The control strategy aimed to adjust the flow rate of external carbon dosage to the anoxic zone, thus the concentration of nitrate plus nitrite(NOx^- -N) in the anoxic zone was kept closed to the set point. The relationship was studied between the NOx^- -N concentration in the anoxic zone(SNo) and the dosage of external carbon, and the results showed that the removal efficiency of the total nitrogen(TN) could not be largely improved by double dosage of carbon source when SNO reached about 2 mg/L. Through keeping SNO at the level of about 2 mg/L, the demand of effluent quality could be met and the carbon dosage could be optimized. Based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM No. 1), a simplified mathematical model of external carbon dosage was developed, Simulation results showed that PI controller and feed-forward PI controller both had good dynamic response and steady precision. And feed-forward PI controller had better control effects due to its consideration of influent disturbances.     

利用聚磷菌快速内源性反硝化脱氮研究

从部分聚磷菌在缺氧状态下的反硝化吸磷现象出发，探索了利用经过厌氧释磷，菌体内含有大量PHB的聚磷菌进行快速内源性反硝化脱氮的可能性。试验结果表明：聚磷菌在厌氧段充分有效释磷后，在缺氧段初期3—5min内，就能将30—40mg／L的NO^-3；内源性反硝化脱氮去除65％—75％，达到一级排放标准。     

An estimate of the conversion rates of SO2 to SO2-4 and NO2 to HNO3+ NO3- for the evaluation air pollution in Beijing

The conversion rates of SO₂ to SO^2-₄ and NO₂ to HNO₃₊NO₃- are estimated from the field-data obtained in Beijing in summer, 1988. The results show that the conversion rate of NO₂ is about four times as much as that of SO₂; The conversion rates have a diurnal variation in a day. On the average, the rate of SO₂ is estimated to be 4.7% h^-1 during the daytime and 3.4% h^-1 during the nighttime. Similarly, the rate of NO₂ is estimated to be 17.2% h^-1 and 12% h^-1 respectively.     

滇池沉积物间隙水中氮、磷形态及相关性的研究

对滇池40个样点沉积物间隙水中的氮、磷形态与浓度分析研究结果表明，滇池沉积物间隙水中磷的区域分布特征与其在水体中的分布特征相似，滇池南部间隙水中无机磷浓度较高，有机磷的浓度极低，而北部有机磷浓度较高；间隙水中氨氮（NH4^＋ -N），浓度高出硝酸盐氮（NO3^- -N）浓度约2个数量级，间隙水中氮向上覆水的扩散主要以氨氮为主．滇池沉积物间隙水中氮、磷浓度远高于水体中氮磷浓度，有较强的释放趋势．进一步研究间隙水中氮、磷的关系则表明，沉积物间隙水中总磷和总氮未见明显相关性，但间隙水中总磷、有机磷均与硝酸盐态氮呈负相关．