Evaluation of dust activity and climate effects in North China

TOMS/Al data with nearly 20 years are utilized in the paper to evaluate dust activities in North China. Combined with simultaneous NCEP reanalysis climate data, climate effects on dust activities are assessed. The results showed that the whole North China suffers impact by dust aerosols, with three centers standing out in TOMS/Al spring average map that are western three basins, which are characterized by lower annual precipitation and elevation. Gobi deserts in Mongolia Plateau do not attain higher TOMS/AI value due to cloud contamination and relative higher elevation. Spring is the season with the highest TOMS dust aerosol index; within the western three basins, high dust aerosol index appears in both spring and summer, especially in Tarim Basin. Wind speed in spring and precipitation in previous rainy season play important roles in controlling dust activities, higher wind speed and less precipitation than the normal are in favor of dust activities in spring. Temperature in spring and previous winter also affect dust activity to a certain extent, but with contrary spatial distribution. Temperature in winter exert effect principally in west part, contrarily, temperature effect in spring is mainly shown in east part. Both of them have negative correlation with dust activity.     

磁性活性污泥在废水处理中作用机理的探讨

文章主要讨论了磁性活性污泥在废水处理中的作用机理,指出了在活性污泥中加入磁性粉末后,使活性污泥的结构得到了改善,污泥的沉降性能、污泥中微生物活性及抗污染物冲击负荷能力都优于普通活性污泥,并且使污泥对废水中的有机物、N、P等营养物质及重金属的去除效率有较大的提高.这主要与磁性粉末有较大比表面积及表面的键态、电子态有关.     

硝基多环芳烃致突变性构效关系研究

应用逐步判别分析法，对８０种硝基多环芳烃致突变性构效关系进行了研究，７２个训练样本判别回代符合率为９０．２８％，８例预测样本正确分类率为１００％，累计正确分类率达９１．２５％。     

Effects of butachlor on microbial enzyme activities in paddy soil

This paper reports the influences of the herbicide butachlor(n-butoxymethl-chloro-2‘,6‘-diethylacetnilide)on microbial respiration,nitrogen fixation and nitrification,and on the activities of dehydrogenase and hydrogen peroxidase in paddy soil.The results showed that after application of butachlor with concentrations of 5.5μg/g dried soil,11.0μg/g dried soil and 22.0μg/g dried soil,the application of butachlor enhanced the activity of dehydrogenase at increasing concentrations.The soil dehydrogenase showed the highest activity on the 16th day after application of 22.0μg/g dried soil of butachlor.The hydrogen peroxidase could be stimulated by cutachlor.The soil respiration was depressed within a period from several days to more than 20 days,depending on concentrations of butachlor applied.Both the nitrogen fixation and nitrification were stimulated in the beginning but reduced greatly afterwards in paddy soil.     

云南盐津5.1级地震的地震活动前兆异常特征分析研究

对盐津5.1级地震的地震活动性、前兆异常特征进行了分析研究,主要为地震预测预报积累经验,提供地震预报依据.分析研究盐津地震活动在时间、空间和强度等方面的规律,从理论上认识地震前的地震前兆变化、形态表现等明显的异常特征.     

低温条件下陶粒滤池生物膜特性研究

针对官厅水库下游三家店水库水源进行生物陶粒滤池预处理的现场试验 ,研究低温条件下生物陶粒滤池的微生物学特性。试验结果表明 ,随温度降低生物陶粒滤池去除污染物的效果下降主要是由于陶粒表面微生物活性随温度的降低而下降造成的。陶粒表面的微生物量也随温度的降低而减少 ,但是受影响的程度比微生物活性小得多。陶粒表面的微生物活性与生物量沿水流方向呈明显的下降趋势     

三氯甲烷对土壤酶活性影响

通过实验室内培养,研究了三氯甲烷(CF)在7种不同的浓度下对土壤过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶活性所产生的影响.结果表明:在实验时间内,CF对蛋白酶活性起到抑制作用,对过氧化氢酶活性则表现出激活效应.质量分数大于60.00 mg·kg-1的CF会明显抑制蛋白酶活性;CF对这2种土壤酶的作用强度大小的浓度有关.浓度小时作用强度小,浓度大时作用强度大;CF[ω(CF)≤60.00 mg·kg-1]对这2种土壤酶的作用是暂时的,过一段时间后会恢复,即对这2种土壤酶的作用有抑制(激活)-恢复过程,恢复程度和质量分数有关,质量分数越大恢复程度越小.     

重金属Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对土壤酶活性的影响

采用回归正交设计方案 ,研究了潮褐土中Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对 4种土壤酶活性 (过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、转化酶 )的影响 .结果表明 ,在复合效应影响中 ,重金属对土壤酶活性的抑制效应顺次为Cd >Zn >Pb ;同时 ,Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染对 4种土壤酶活性的影响效应存在着明显差异 .其复合污染对脲酶表现出协同抑制负效应的特征 ;对过氧化氢酶表现出一定的屏蔽作用 ;对转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性影响则主要随着Cd浓度的增加而显著降低 .离子冲量与土壤脲酶活性之间呈显著负相关 ,用脲酶活性作为预测土壤重金属Cd、Zn、Pb复合污染程度的主要生化指标具有一定的可行性     

Degradation of para-hydroxybenzoic acid by means of mixed microbial cultures

Olive mill wastewater contains some phenolic compounds that cause antibacterial activity of a kind that prevents biological treatment without previous dilution. Among these phenolic compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) is considered to be one of the most representative. This work examines the biodegradation of PHB by aerobic microbial mixed cultures previously acclimatized to glucose, which was used as an easily biodegradable model compound. Microbial growth runs were carried out in a batch reactor in the PHB concentration range of 200-1000 mg/L. In all the runs the PHB proved to be completely degradable. The specific growth rates obtained were in the range of 0.16-0.35 l/h. Experimental runs showed that the functional relationship between the specific growth rate and PHB concentration was that proposed by Monod. The kinetic constants of the Monod equation (mu(max) and K(S)) and biomass yield coefficient (Y) were determined experimentally. With the parameter values thus obtained, a mathematical model that also takes account of the duration of the lag phase was employed to describe both the microbial growth and the consumption of PHB. The concentration values of the model fit well with the data obtained experimentally.     

饮用水生物处理中微生物量和活性的测定方法

微生物量和微生物活性是饮用水生物处理工艺设计与运行的重要参数。总结论述了适用于表示饮用水生物处理过程生物膜中微生物数量和活性的几种主要指标的测定方法。