电磁辐射场对工业微生物生长的影响

为研究电磁辐射场对微生物细胞的“非热效应”,选用几株工业微生物（产L－精氨酸钝齿棒状杆菌A6,产L－赖氨酸钝齿棒状杆菌LB6和产胞内SOD酶酵母菌S1）进行了初步探讨,试验结果表明,置于2μm-1mm频段电磁场接受辐射处理后的试验样本细胞对热的承受能力提高,表现为在较高温度下细胞生长速度的增加,处于对数生长期的细胞对辐射刺激有更明显的敏感反应,较低pH可以一定程度地强化辐射处理的效果,试验结果还进一步证明了以上效应产生于电磁辐射场的“非热效应”,而不是简单的热效应或微生物的自发突变。     

Potential for microbially mediated redox transformations and mobilization of arsenic in uncontaminated soils

Surface soil samples, which had no significant As contamination, were examined for As(V) reduction, As(III) oxidation and As mobilization capability. All five soil samples tested exhibited microbial As(V)-reducing activities both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions when As(V) reduction had almost ceased, oxidation of As(III) to As(V) occurred, whereas only As(V) reduction was observed under anaerobic conditions. In cultures incubated with As(III), As(III) was oxidized by indigenous soil microbes only under aerobic conditions. These results indicate that microbial redox transformations of As are ubiquitous in the natural environment regardless of background As levels. Mobilization through microbially mediated As(V) and Fe(III) reduction occurred both in the presence and absence of oxygen. Significant variation in dissolved As occurred depending on the Fe contents of soils, and re-immobilization of As arose in the presence of oxygen, presumably as a consequence of dissolved As(III) and Fe(II) oxidation. There was no apparent correlation between dissolved Fe(II) and As, suggesting that reductive dissolution of Fe(III) minerals does not necessarily determine the extent of As release from soils.     

接种外源微生物菌剂对香蕉茎秆堆肥的影响

为了研究接种外源微生物菌剂对香蕉茎秆堆肥的影响,本实验采用高温好氧堆肥技术,设计了对照（不接菌）、接种白腐菌及棱盖多孔菌3个处理,探讨了不同处理堆肥过程中堆体温度、水分、pH值、电导率、有机碳、C/N、发芽指数及堆肥质量的变化情况。结果表明,接种微生物菌剂处理的温度均高于对照,且高温期持续时间相对较长,以接种白腐菌处理的高温持续时间最长;接种外源微生物菌剂对堆肥含水率、pH、EC、全碳、C/N变化影响不大;与对照相比,接种白腐菌可增加全氮及全钾的含量,有利于提高堆肥产品质量;接种白腐菌处理在36 d（GI〉50%）就达到腐熟,比对照提前8 d腐熟,明显缩短堆肥腐熟时间;而接种棱盖多孔菌处理比对照推迟10 d腐熟,共需54 d不利于香蕉茎秆堆肥的进行。     

Effects of cultivation conditions on the diversity of microbes involved in the conversion of rice straw to fodder

To confirm the optimum cultivation conditions for analyzing lactic acid bacterial communities and to provide the cultivation foundation for lactic acid bacterial communities that were used to convert straw into fodder, fermented rice straw was inoculated into 13 different broths. After 48 h of cultivation, pH values, volatile products, and microbial diversity were analyzed. Except for LAB broth, the pH values of the other broths could decrease to approximately 4.5. GC/MS analysis showed that lactic acid in Tomato MRS broth, MRS broth, LAB broth, and Tomato juice broth was higher than that in the other broths. DNA concentration analysis showed that the counts of microbes in Tomato MRS broth were 2.5 times of those in other broths and that tomato juice favored the reproduction of the microbes. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） analysis showed that the number of lactic acid bacterial species in HYA broth, Tomato juice broth, and Tomato MRS broth were higher than those in the other broths.     

多功能混合菌剂处理模拟生活污水研究

从菜园土壤及药材土壤土样中分离选育出以丝状菌为主的6株COD高效降解菌,与实验室保藏的2株絮凝剂产生菌构建混合菌剂,使菌剂同时具有降解污染物以及增强活性污泥沉降性和絮凝性的功能.以COD去除率、污泥指数和活性污泥絮凝性为指标,研究了混合菌剂各菌种接种量的配比.结果表明,该菌剂添加于活性污泥系统处理模拟生活污水,可以使COD去除率从86.5%提高到94.5%,污泥指数从124下降到59.0,活性污泥絮凝性从0.358增加到0.530.研究表明,该多功能混合菌剂添加于活性污泥系统可以显著增强对模拟生活污水的处理效果.     

邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯在番茄根际土壤中的持留动态

利用分室根箱法模拟根际微域环境的试验结果表明,无论初始浓度高低,邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)在土壤中的持留都可较好地用一级反应动力学方程进行描述,初始浓度越高,持留半寿期越短．土壤中DEHP浓度的增加可引起土壤脱氢酶活性的增加．但在DEHP初始浓度低、中、高3种情况下都表现出在根际土壤(0～5mm)中DEHP的残留浓度比非根际土壤(25～30mm)中的残留浓度稍高,持留的半寿期(t1/2)稍长的趋势,说明植物的生长并没有加速DEHP的降解．不添加DEHP的根室土壤中DEHP浓度始终都维持在一个较低的水平上,处理之间没有显著差异,且植物组织中DEHP的含量很低,处理之间也没有显著差异,说明DEHP在土壤中随水溶液的扩散和由于植物根系生长活动引起的迁移是微不足道的．     

锌离子对活性污泥微生物DNA序列多样性的影响

研究了锌离子对活性污泥微生物群落结构的影响.不同浓度的锌离子对有机物的降解和氮的转化均有抑制.经过驯化后,处理系统对有机物的降解可以逐步得到恢复,而对于氨氮和亚硝酸氮的降解则并不随着驯化时间的延长而得到改善.随机扩增多态性RAPD分析表明,在不同的驯化阶段,DNA序列的分子多样性是不同的.结果显示,加入锌离子的微生物多样性明显小于对照组,驯化成熟的实验组尽管在COD的去除率上和对照组没有什么差别,但在生物多样性、丰富度、均匀度和相似性上与驯化初期有较大的差别.从RAPD条带上可清楚地看到某些细菌的消失,以及耐受锌离子的种类的持续存活.      

城市生活垃圾外源微生物堆肥对有机酸变化及堆肥腐熟度的影响

利用外源微生物(美商复合菌,MS;中加发酵菌,ZJ)进行城市生活垃圾工厂化堆肥,在堆肥过程中,分析了小分子有机酸及大分子腐殖酸动态变化.结果表明,接种外源微生物可明显提高堆肥前期小分子有机酸含量,在堆肥后期又呈明显的降低趋势.而腐殖酸与胡敏酸则呈现先降低而后增加的趋势.通过对堆肥过程中有机酸、腐殖化指数分析表明,接种外源微生物可明显提高堆肥的腐熟度,并且ZJ发酵菌优于MS复合菌,而2种外源菌混合接种具有协同促进作用.     

农田土壤自养微生物碳同化潜力及其功能基因数量、关键酶活性分析

研究农田土壤自养微生物碳同化潜力,对全面认识农田生态系统碳吸收和碳储存有着重要意义.选取6种典型农田土壤,通过14C连续标记示踪技术结合密闭系统模拟培养,量化了土壤自养微生物碳同化潜力及其向土壤活性碳库组分转化,同时结合分子生物学技术及酶学分析方法,探讨了不同土壤自养微生物细菌固碳功能基因(cbbL)丰度及关键酶(RubisCO)活性.结果表明,土壤自养微生物具有可观的CO2同化潜力,在本实验条件下,全球每年表层(0~20 cm)土壤通过自养微生物的同化作用可固定的碳为0.57~7.3 Pg.供试土壤的14C土壤有机碳(14C-SOC)含量范围为10.63~133.81 mg·kg-1,而14C可溶性有机碳(14C-DOC)、14C微生物生物量碳(14C-MBC)含量范围分别为0.96~8.10 mg·kg-1、1.70~49.16 mg·kg-1.土壤可溶解性有机碳(DOC)、微生物量碳(MBC)和SOC的更新率分别为5.07%~14.3%、2.51%~13.12%和0.09%~0.64%.土壤细菌cbbL丰度范围为2.40×107~1.9×108copies·g-1,且RubisCO酶活性(CO2/soil)范围为34.06~71.86 nmol·(g·min)-1.相关分析表明,土壤14C-SOC与14C-MBC及RubisCO酶活性均呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01).说明土壤对大气CO2的同化作用主要是由自养微生物参与的同化过程,且较高的RubisCO酶活性意味着较高的自养微生物CO2同化潜力.     

复合式Carrousel氧化沟处理城市污水研究

在Carrousel氧化沟中悬挂半软性填料而组件的复合式氧化沟处理人工合成的城市污水,通过小试研究,考察了复合式氧化沟在不同的HRT时运行效能和特性,分析了复合式氧化沟工艺在污染物去除方面的优势。试验表明,当HRT从55h减少到10h,COD去除率从99.1%减少到86.6%,BOD5去除率从99.4%下降到92.8%,氨氮去除率从98%减少到83.0%;当复合式氧化沟在HRT=20h的条件下运行,进水COD、BOD5和氨氮分别为125.3~492mg/L,56.26~249.44mg/L,20~32.91mg/L,去除率分别为90.2%~97.0%,94.4%~99.3%,90.1%~98.7%。复合式Carrousel氧化沟耐冲击负荷能力强,各类污染物的去除效率很强。