The influence of alcohol on pedestrians: A different approach to the effectiveness of the new traffic safety law

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the effects of the new traffic safety law on pedestrian mortality by exploring hazardous behaviors of pedestrians in terms of alcohol use and blood alcohol concentration (BAC).

Methods: A retrospective autopsy study was performed, covering a 7-year period (from 2006 to 2012), including cases of fatally injured pedestrians who died at the scene of the incident. Blood samples obtained from the femoral vein during autopsy were analyzed for BAC. The entire sample was divided into 2 groups. The first included cases from 2006 to 2009, at which time the old traffic safety law was in force, and the second included cases from 2010 to 2012, under the new traffic safety law.

Results: A total of 247 cases were examined, covering a 7-year period. The average age was 57.5 ± 19.7 years (median 61.0 years) with a significant male predominance of 147 men to 100 women. This predominance also applied to alcohol use (54 vs. 13). The results show a significant decrease in the total annual number of fatally injured pedestrians, starting from 2009, compared to previous years, reaching a low in 2010, one year after implementation of the new traffic safety law. In contrast, the proportion of alcohol-intoxicated pedestrians showed no significant difference in the years preceding and following the new traffic safety law, nor did the annual distribution of BAC or mean BAC before and after application of the new law.

Conclusion: The present study indicates that the new traffic safety law has been quite effective in reducing pedestrian mortality. However, alcohol consumption and intoxication in pedestrians remains a fairly important factor in motor vehicle accidents involving pedestrians, because the proportion of pedestrians positive for alcohol, the proportion of severely intoxicated pedestrians with BAC > 1 g/L, and annual mean BAC have remained unchanged.     

建筑施工中临边高处坠落危险源影响空间建模

将建筑施工中临边坠落的特性模型化,对于预防建筑施工中伤亡事故具有重要的意义。在分析人或物临边高处坠落事故特点的基础上,给出施工工作面内外2种危险源影响空间范围的定义及其数学表达函数,构建相应的危险源影响空间中危害能量分布的数学模型,提出它对人体不同部位伤害程度的评估分析思路,并在大面积碰撞和小面积碰撞2种情况下,建立该危害能量对人体头枕部伤害程度的评估分析方法。通过上海某个6层框架结构教学楼案例,对上述数学模型和评估分析方法进行验证。这为在进行施工计划安排时,考虑危险源影响空间的影响,降低安全事故发生的可能性创造条件,也为安全事故事前预防提供新思路。     

某型飞机进气道在噪声环境中的振动疲劳分析

某型飞机进气道常出现蒙皮裂纹、铆钉松动及掉铆钉头等故障,给飞行安全带来隐患.研究发现,此类故障是进气道在强噪声环境下,噪声脉动压力引起的结构振动疲劳损伤.应用阻尼层可降低强噪声对进气道蒙皮和铆钉的破坏.发动机地面试验结果表明,进气道阻尼层的应用显著降低了蒙皮壁板的振动量级.     

四川土荆芥精油对植物病原真菌的抗菌活性

以植物病原真菌玉米纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani Kuha、玉米弯胞病菌Curvularia lunata（walk）Boed、水稻稻瘟病菌Pyricularia oryzae Cav.、小麦赤霉病菌Gibberellezeae（Schw.）Petch和松赤枯病菌Pestalotia funerea为实验菌,检测了四川土荆芥Chenopodium ambrosioidesL.精油的抑菌活性和抑菌机理。结果表明：培养基给药时,土荆芥精油对5种植物病原真菌均具有抑制作用,IC50分别为：0.734μL·mL-1,0.342μL·mL-1,0.435μL·mL-1,0.370μL·mL-1和0.332μL·mL-1;熏蒸给药时,精油剂量为1μL,土荆芥精油对松赤枯病菌、水稻稻瘟病菌、玉米纹枯病菌和玉米弯胞病菌具有促进作用,高剂量给药对菌丝生长具有抑制作用。半抑制体积分数的土荆芥精油作用于植物病原真菌,菌丝DNA不发生改变,菌丝体结构被破坏,原生质体聚集,蛋白质缺失或增加。     

运用灰色系统理论对广州市环境噪声污染的原因进行分析

运用灰色系统关联度的分析方法，对广州市环境污染的原因进行分析，结果显示：影响广州市环境噪声的因素中，占主要地位的是城市机动车数量，其次是人口密度。     

风景旅游区环境噪声标准问题探讨

应用环境噪声主观反应调查和现场实地测试调查的统计结果,根据心理学确定阈值的原则,提出我国风景旅游区两种区域类型的环境噪声标准的建议,并对标准的可行性和代表性进行了分析和讨论.     

钻井废物综合治理技术的应用

针对急需解决的钻井废水、废气治理问题,以钻井作业大功率柴油机废气余热回收利用为出发点,研制了钻井废水废气综合治理设备。通过现场试验对钻井废水、废气治理效果及噪声影响的分析,试验结果表明,日处理钻井废水可达11～13m3/d,柴油机废气中污染物排放有一定程度的降低,柴油机高频噪声得到较明显降低,并有利于增加柴油机扭距。     

壳聚糖改性污泥活性炭的脱硫脱硝性能

用壳聚糖改性污泥活性炭,测试分析了改性污泥活性炭的脱硫脱硝性能.同时,用N2吸脱附法、电子扫描电镜、傅立叶变换红外光谱及X衍射等技术对改性污泥活性炭进行了表征,研究了改性条件对污泥活性炭脱硫脱硝性能的影响,探讨壳聚糖改性提高污泥活性炭脱硫脱硝性能的机理.结果表明,壳聚糖颗粒物能够较为均匀地分布于污泥活性炭的表面,壳聚糖与污泥活性炭结合良好,孔径也明显减小.壳聚糖与污泥活性炭是通过化学键结合的.改性时间与改性温度均可改变污泥活性炭的BET比表面积和孔容,但改性温度对BET比表面积和孔容的影响更为显著.具有最优孔结构的样品A3的BET比表面积、总孔容及中孔容分别为168.76m·2g-1、0.084cm·3g-1及0.041cm·3g-1.与污泥活性炭相比,改性污泥活性炭的脱硫脱硝性能优于污泥活性炭,这是由于壳聚糖中含氮与含氧官能团,丰富了污泥活性炭表面脱硫脱硝活性基团的种类与数量,利于SO2与NO的吸附氧化;通过适当控制改性条件,也可显著地增加BET比表面积和中孔容,以提高SO2与NO气体的物理吸附,从而提高其脱硫脱硝性能.     

连云港核电厂区域声环境质量评价

通过对连云港核电厂拟建厂址反应堆半径约５ｋｍ的范围进行噪声环境的布点测量，得出了该区域范围的噪声测量结果。本次测量采取网格式与功能区布点相结合的原则进行布点，环境噪声共布点１５３个，交通噪声测量点１２个，近海海面噪声测量点１０个。另外，采用类比调查和模式分段估算相结合的方法，对建成运行后的核电厂噪声影响进行了预测分析