从多侧面评估地震灾害的产业关联间接经济损失

以投入产出分析方法作为基本数学分析工具,从机会损失的角度,对地震灾害产业关联间接经济损失从四个不同的侧面进行评估,并提出了相应的评估模型．     

白炭黑生产中干燥系统的噪声控制

对ＲＨＯＮＥ－ＰＯＵＬＥＮＣ白炭黑公司的干燥系统进行了噪声综合治理。主要措施有：大型引风机隔声罩、引风机排气筒消声塔,加热炉和鼓风机隔声机房,雾化加速器活动隔声罩,管道隔声包扎等。治理后厂界噪声由７４ｄＢ（Ａ）降至４５ｄＢ（Ａ）。     

安全投资技术经济分析的研究

在分析安全投资项目特殊性的基础上，提出了较为完整的安全投资技术经济分析方法，为企业进行安全投资决策提供了充分的依据。     

OUTPUT AND INVESTMENT FRONTIERS OF UNITED STATES IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE1

ABSTRACT: Economic models sometimes indicate that irrigation water is misallocated in agriculture, especially when it appears that the marginal value product is higher in other uses (such as for hydro-power). Historically, trends tend to contradict this reasoning, however, especially since irrigation has grown from 20 million acres in 1940 to over 50 million acres in 1980. Results of this study tend to indicate that as agriculture becomes more and more intensive (in terms of inputs), irrigation is part of that long term trend. Further, major economic variables, such as output and investments in agriculture, appear to be more highly correlated with irrigated land than with dryland agriculture. Recent data indicate an upper limit of about 320 million acres for dryland farming in the United States, while no such constraint is apparent for irrigated agriculture.     

THE IMPACTS OF WATERWAY USER FEES ON GRAIN TRANSPORTATION ON THE SNAKE-COLUMBIA RIVER1

ABSTRACT: Grain transportation is a major economic activity on the multiple use Snake-Columbia River System. Congress is currently considering increased transportation user fees aimed at recapturing federal expenditures for waterway operations and maintenance. Three types of fee structure and four levels of cost recovery are evaluated using a network program model. In each case traffic is diverted away from the river to other Puget Sound ports via truck and rail transport modes. Grain shippers in the region will be adversely affected by a higher transport bill. The Lower Columbia River port economic activities will be negatively affected; however, competitive uses of the river, recreation, and hydroelectric generation will likely benefit modestly.     

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Evolution of Industrial Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

The aim of the study is to investigate how environmental factors, associated with exposure to industrial noise, affect the development of chronic noise-induced hearing loss.The studywas conducted on 186 male subjectsworking in two bottling plants, situated respectively in a small farming community, and in a medium-sized city with significant levels of noise pollution. Levels of occupational exposure were the same for the two groups.The subjects were selected by means of a preliminary medical examination, and exposed to tonal hearing tests and acoustic impedance tests. Statistical analysis was performed on hearing threshold values obtained at the frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz.The comparison between the thresholds obtained in the two groups showed a statistically significant difference, especially at the frequency of 4000 Hz and for occupational exposure exceeding 17 yr. The results led us to conclude that environmental factors, and urban noise in particular, influence the onset and development of occupational acoustic trauma, and that those working in the country are significantly less affected than those in the city. Since occupational exposure was the same for both groups, their different responses must therefore be interpreted as due to differences in nonoccupational exposure, in turn dependent on different opportunities for rest from noise and different levels of exposure to noise pollution.     

城市噪声对校园的干扰类型与特征浅析

对阿图什市区各学校所受的周边环境噪声干扰情况进行了监测，运用声环境评价方法，将市区10所学校校园划分为清静型、扰闹型和持续吵闹型3种噪声干扰类型。分析了各类型的特征和成因，并提出防治措施。     

南昌市城市噪声自动监测系统

随着社会文明和科技的进步,人们对生活、学习、工作的环境质量要求越来越高,环保部门在环境监测手段和数据综合分析技术等方面也提出了更高的要求。城市噪声自动监测系统能实时反映环境噪声状况,以便分析、掌握城市噪声污染时空分布和变化规律及趋势,在城市声环境的治理和监控中发挥有效作用。本文根据南昌市的实际情况,重点介绍了南昌市城市噪声自动监测系统。     

关于建立城市声环境自动监测系统的设想

文章以随机过程“各态历径”理论说明了“定点测量法”与“网格测量法”的内在联系 ,提出了以城市建成区内各类不同环境功能区为基础进行城市声环境自动监测系统监测点位布设的技术规范设想。     

2016—2019年汾渭平原城市空气质量状况分析

基于2016—2019年全国城市环境空气质量国控监测点位自动监测数据，分析了汾渭平原城市空气质量状况。结果表明：2019年，汾渭平原优良天数比例为61.7%，略高于"2+26"城市，明显低于全国及其他区域，空气污染较重。2016—2019年，汾渭平原超标天数中PM_2.5、PM₁₀、O₃作为首要污染物的占比较高，PM_2.5、PM₁₀仍是影响汾渭平原空气质量的最主要污染物，O₃和NO₂的影响逐年升高。汾渭平原PM_2.5浓度呈夏季低、秋冬季高的特点，2019年与2016—2018年PM_2.5均值比较，1、2、4月分别偏高7.5%、36.7%、6.8%，其他月份均偏低，表明1、2、4月空气质量总体恶化，其他月份有所改善。汾渭平原O₃浓度呈夏季高、秋冬季低的特点，O₃浓度总体呈升高趋势，年平均升高10.3 μg/m³，临汾市年平均升幅最显著（26.7 μg/m³），不同百分位O₃浓度均呈升高趋势，且高百分位浓度升幅明显高于低百分位浓度，年平均升幅最高出现在第90百分位浓度。2016—2019年，O₃单项污染物超标导致优良天数比例损失分别为5.4个百分点、13.0个百分点、11.1个百分点和14.4个百分点，总体呈上升趋势，表明O₃超标对空气质量影响越来越显著。煤炭消耗量、生铁产量、粗钢产量的大幅升高对空气质量有一定影响，建议加大对相关企业污染物的排放量检查，确保超低排放或采取可行的清洁能源替代。温度与O₃浓度呈正相关，2017—2019年，温度大于25 ℃的天数中94.2%出现在6—8月，O₃-8h超标天数占全部超标天数的81.4%，因此应加强温度较高月份的O₃管控。