两种家庭住宅类型的环境影响比较

住房消费是家庭消费环境影响的主要来源，利用生命周期分析方法和Boustead模型，对两种典型居民楼的部分生命周期过程的能源消耗及环境排放进行了比较。结果表明，高层住宅楼的生命周期过程的能量消耗及大气、水体和固体废弃物的排放量均明显高于低层住宅楼。这说明，随着居民住宅楼向高层发展，家庭住宅消费的环境影响增加了。     

建筑与水体关系的探讨

通过建筑与水体的相互关系,阐述建筑与自然水环境、人工水环境的有机结合.在水体的形式、形态和造型等方面,详细介绍了水在建筑设计与室内设计中的应用和处理手法.     

Use of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Marine Conservation

Abstract:  Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) represents multiple bodies of knowledge accumulated through many generations of close interactions between people and the natural world. TEK and its application via customary ecological management plans can be useful in modern conservation programs. I disaggregate the term TEK into its constituent parts and show several ways in which TEK can strengthen research designs by increasing locality-specific knowledge, including environmental linkages occurring in those localities. Examples of the uses of TEK in conservation include folk taxonomy in systematics in Micronesia, species knowledge for conservation in Kiribati, and fishers' knowledge of ecological interactions for reserve design in Belize. When conservationists recognize the utility of TEK, they can engage in an equitable exchange of knowledge and foster shared responsibility with indigenous people. These types of exchanges can also provide an opportunity for indigenous people to develop a scientific infrastructure.     

Does the great spotted cuckoo choose magpie hosts according to their parenting ability?

When brood parasites are about to lay an egg, they have to decide which nest to parasitize. The best nest in which to lay will depend on the parenting ability of the host. We have studied selection of magpie (Pica pica) hosts by great spotted cuckoos (Clamator glandarius). Great spotted cuckoos preferentially parasitize large host nests. Nest volume in magpies is a good indicator of territory quality, since there is a negative relationship between magpie nest size and breeding date, and timing of breeding in magpies is known to be positively related to territory quality. Moreover, magpies occupying high-quality territories have high breeding success. Therefore, nest size is positively related to the quality of magpies. Parasitized magpie nests were of greater volume than the nearest neighbouring nest not parasitized by the great spotted cuckoo. In order to test whether the great spotted cuckoos might select high-quality magpie hosts, we manipulated pairs of parasitized and non-parasitized nests with identical laying dates and habitats, introducing into each of the nests the same number of parasitic and non-parasitic eggs. The number of fledglings reared (magpie plus great spotted cuckoo chicks) in naturally parasitized nests was higher than in experimentally parasitized nests. Thus, the probability of survival of the parasite chicks increased if cuckoo eggs were laid in the nests of high-quality hosts originally chosen by the parasite.     

完善污染事故应急监测能力建设提高环境突发事件应急处置能力

各级环境监测部门通过加强自身监测能力建设和进行实战演练应对环境污染事故的发生。本文通过已制定的环境突发污染事故应急预案，阐述了如何加强能力建设，以及在实施演练过程中取得的经验。     

利用砖石构筑物降低噪声

本文通过几个噪声控制工程实例，说明根据现场条件，利用砖墙、房屋、下水道等砖石构筑物降噪、不仅降噪效果好、而且经费节省，是在工程中宜优先采用的措施．     

住宅建筑的日照环境分析

根据日照理论,分析了住宅建筑在无遮挡情况下的日照变化和有遮挡情况下不同布局、水平位置以及楼层对日照的影响.住宅建筑的日照环境分析对于在住宅小区的规划设计工作中、房地产公司向客户提供商品房日照指标等方面有着重要的意义.     

高层建筑承受纵向地震波时的安全核算构想

高层建筑可预期的灾变非至一端，这里仅探讨高层建筑的抗震性能问题。地震过程中楼体受到的是地震波和自身固有频率的共同作用，此时楼体是一个多维动态系统，其应力状态比传统方法所描述的力学模型要复杂行多。本文应用ANSYS三维仿真有限元软件，采用单点响应谱的方法，对楼体在纵向地震波作用下的应力状态和变形情况进行了分析。对楼体构件单元型式的选择、网格密度的确定、有限元模型的建立等也提出了自己的见解。在后处理中，用列表和图形的方式显示了楼体的位移和应用状态。     

生态建设产业化道路的再思考

分析了我国生态建设现状，困难和矛盾，剖析导致生态建设陷于困难的深刻原析，研究我国生态建设新动态，归纳总结出生态建设成功的条件，要素；指明和构建以市场化，企业化为核心的生态建设产业化道路。     

飞机撞击引起爆炸-火灾后建筑坍塌过程模拟

为了解飞机撞击超高层建筑后致使建筑坍塌或倾倒过程,基于颗粒流理论进行了该过程模拟,包括飞机撞击、油箱爆炸、火灾和建筑坍塌过程。模拟分4个阶段:初始至撞击、撞击至油箱爆炸、爆炸至火灾、建筑坍塌至结束。引入了颗粒流爆炸模型和考虑钢混等效结构的火灾模型。分别在建筑高程250 m和100 m处实施了撞击模拟。结果表明,不同的撞击高度所造成的建筑破坏效果和过程有同有异。共同点是飞机的撞击并不是建筑破坏的直接原因。飞机油箱爆炸破坏了外围框架,也造成核心筒结构的损伤,因此爆炸是建筑破坏的起因。不同点是250 m撞击时爆炸引起的火灾加速了上部建筑的倾倒,但最终撞击处下部建筑结构仍完整,这个过程时间较长。100 m时火灾几乎未起到任何助力坍塌的作用,建筑便已经开始不可逆的坐塌过程,该过程时间较短。