建筑网络火灾烟气流动稳定性及其控制分析

将建筑作为一个网络整体考虑,研究分析了火灾烟气流动机理,讨论了火灾烟气的热膨胀效应、烟囱效应及室外风力对建筑网络空气和烟气流动的影响.从质量守恒定律讨论了多层建筑中和面的位置及其影响因素,指出控制多层建筑中和面的方法和途径.通过建筑网络回路能量守恒方程,讨论了烟囱效应对建筑网络风流的影响,建筑网络火灾烟气流动的稳定性及合理的烟气控制措施.     

汶川地震后绵竹、都江堰市房屋震害调查与分析

依据笔者在四川省绵竹市、都江堰市参加建设部组织的汶川地震震后房屋应急评估所取得的资料,对该次地震造成的建筑结构破坏进行了分析,从砖砌体结构、混凝土框架结构、构造问题以及设计与施工缺陷4个方面,论述了各种破坏的形态与成因,讨论了现行设计方法中存在的问题,提出了相应的改进建议。主要结论有:砌体结构的底层墙体强度不足、开间过大、形体复杂是导致其破坏的重要原因,在设计中,应适当提高砌体结构底层墙体的强度,控制房屋的开间,加强形体变化部位;砌体结构的窗下墙应作为连接墙肢的连梁考虑,可以将其设计成抗震设防的第一道防线;框架结构设计中,应考虑框架与填充墙的相互作用,考虑楼梯斜梁或斜板参与结构的整体受力;在现行规范要求的基础上,要适当增加框架柱的截面,节点附近的箍筋应采用焊接封闭箍或螺旋箍;应加强非结构构件的连接与锚固;对乡村房屋建设应予以监管,杜绝结构体系不明确的房屋出现。     

不同抗震设计的砖混结构校舍抗震性能对比

砖混结构在我国中小学校舍中所占的比例较高,在近几年发生的地震中,其震害十分明显。以中原地区某县中小学校舍鉴定汇总结果为基础,取某砖混结构教学楼为例,分未考虑抗震设计、考虑抗震设计和未考虑抗震设计但进行了抗震加固改造三种工况,以PKPM软件对其进行抗震性能对比分析,并以此方法对该县中小学砖混结构校舍进行抗震性能计算及对比分析。结果表明,校舍中考虑抗震设计的工况比其它工况的抗震性能高,该地区2000年前的校舍需改造加固。     

多层砌体房屋震害预测分析

对目前我国房屋建筑中一种最为广泛应用的结构形式房屋——多层砌体房屋进行震害预测分析研究,简要介绍六种常用的多层砌体震害预测方法,易损性概率分析法或称为半经验半理论法、强度判别法、延性系数判别法、模糊类比法、人工神经网络法和结构理论计算法,在详细调查房屋基本情况的基础上,综合考虑以上几种方法,提出相应的震害预测的分析方法。对郑东新区砌体房屋进行震害预测,做出该地区的震害矩阵,并给出该地区砌体房屋在地震作用下的破坏程度及相应震害面积。     

高层建筑电梯楼梯协同人员疏散的优化模式研究

高层建筑利用电梯楼梯协同疏散有利于提高人员疏散效率。通过数学建模研究了多种因素影响下的协同人员疏散优化模式,结果表明:当电梯仅在某直达层停靠,电梯停靠层及以上楼层采用电梯疏散而以下楼层采用楼梯疏散时,存在最优的电梯停靠层;在每层疏散人数均匀分布的条件下,该最优层数不受疏散人数影响,随建筑高度增加呈线性增长,随电梯最大承载量增加呈阶梯式下降,随电梯平均运行速度增加呈阶梯式下降。     

高层建筑电气火灾隐患因子定量分析方法研究

为了对高层建筑电气火灾隐患排查进行定量化分析,采用解释结构模型构建高层建筑电气火灾隐患因子的复杂逻辑模型;在利用德尔菲法确定隐患因子初始概率的基础上,经过交叉影响分析法求解交叉影响概率矩阵;引入马尔科夫链修正各隐患因子交叉影响后的概率,得到火灾隐患因子的稳态概率矩阵。研究结果表明:各隐患因子的马尔科夫链校正概率比德尔菲法测定的初始概率更加准确,该计算排序结果可明确高层电气火灾隐患排查和管控的重点。     

Supporting the risk management process with land information: a case study of Australia

It is frequently argued that, at the parcel level, 1 stakeholders are capable of and well supported in managing their land‐related risks. Yet, evidence from the contemporary Australian context suggests otherwise: numerous large‐scale disaster events have revealed that citizens are ill‐prepared to respond and recover adequately. This paper begins with the premise that information, specifically land information, could better support parcel‐level risk preparation, mitigation, response, and recovery. State land administration organisations in Australia primarily maintain this information and make it accessible. Land information is used regularly across all levels of government to support risk management activities; however, such application has not always occurred at the parcel and citizen level. Via a case study approach, this paper initially explores the land information available in Australia to stakeholders interested in parcel‐level detail, and then goes on to propose how the utilisation of parcel‐level land information could serve to enhance risk management practices.     

Investigating the strategic antecedents of agility in humanitarian logistics

This study investigates the strategic antecedents of operational agility in humanitarian logistics. It began by identifying the particular actions to be taken at the strategic level of a humanitarian organisation to support field‐level agility. Next, quantitative data (n=59) were collected on four strategic‐level capabilities (being purposeful, action‐focused, collaborative, and learning‐oriented) and on operational agility (field responsiveness and flexibility). Using a quantitative analysis, the study tested the relationship between organisational capacity building and operational agility and found that the four strategic‐level capabilities are fundamental building blocks of agility. Collectively they account for 52 per cent of the ability of humanitarian logisticians to deal with ongoing changes and disruptions in the field. This study emphasises the need for researchers and practitioners to embrace a broader perspective of agility in humanitarian logistics. In addition, it highlights the inherently strategic nature of agility, the development of which involves focusing simultaneously on multiple drivers.     

The impact of the carbon tax policy on green building strategy

As Green Corporate Social Responsibility spreads across the globe, the construction industry is under pressure to reduce the carbon emissions across their building projects. Between maximum profit and environment management, mathematical programming can be used as a decision support tool concerning the optimal green building projects portfolio. This environment strategic decision problem is addressed in this study where an activity-based costing decision model incorporating carbon tax costs and construction resources constraints is developed from the perspectives of capacity expansion and green technology outsourcing. The results illustrate the positive contribution of the mathematical programming approach to achieve viable green building projects portfolio solutions. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to analyse the impact of carbon footprint emission variation on maximum profit, and the corresponding results are discussed.     

柳州地区建筑材料放射性水平及其致居民剂量

本文采用全国统一方法,检测了广西柳州地区常用建材中~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(40)K的比活度.以煤灰砖最高,石灰石最低。比活度依次为煤灰砖>粘土砖≈土壤>水泥>灰砂砖>混凝土制品>石灰石.经估算,煤灰砖致居民的有效剂量当量较大,为3.98mSv·a~(-1);其它各种建材致居民的有效剂量当量在0.23—1.01mSv·a~(-1)之间,低于、等于或略高于本底.