离子选择电极法测定水中40K的影响因素

对离子选择电极法测定水中^40K的影响因素进行了探讨,确定了用此方法测定水溶液中^40K的最佳实验条件,在此实验条件下,所得结果最接近标准值。     

MOTIVATING REDUCTIONS IN DRAIN WATER WITH BLOCK-RATE PRICES FOR IRRIGATION WATER1

ABSTRACT: Increasing block-rate prices for irrigation water were implemented during 1989 in a 10,000-acre irrigation district in California's San Joaquin Valley. The program motivated improvements in irrigation practices that reduced the volume of water delivered to farm fields and the volume of drain water collected in on-farm drainage systems. The ratio of net crop water requirements to field deliveries increased from 0.65 in 1988 to 0.73 in 1989. The volume of drain water collected at a subset of 20 drainage systems was reduced by 351.1 acre-feet (11.5 percent). Estimated loads of salt, boron, and selenium were reduced by 2,407 tons (11.0 percent), 3.33 tons (11.0 percent), and 0.07 tons (9.2 percent).     

利用气相平衡管原理控制有机污染物的无组织排放

挥发性有机物的无组织排放是一个难以控制的污染源,在常温常压下的一些有机物储罐可采用气相平衡原理设置气相平衡管,使呼吸尾气形成闭路循环,利用罐体进、出料过程中内压变化特点,使得逸出的气相有机物在闭路中循环,实例证明,该方法对控制有机物元组织排放有着很好的效果,且该方法;简单易行,适合条件适宜的单位使用。     

农业面源污染现状及防治对策

随着农业的发展,农业面源污染日益严重。由于农药化肥流失、养殖场畜禽排泄物污染、农作物秸秆焚烧以及农业塑料膜等所引起的污染逐年加大,正成为工业污染源之后的又一个重要的污染物来源。提出了防治对策。     

试论环境库兹涅茨曲线在我国的非适用性及对策

改革开放以来,我国经济发展取得了举世瞩目得成就.特别是近几年,连续以两位数以上的速度增长.但是,在我国经济持续高速增长的同时,资源与环境问题越来越突出,并呈现与经济发展不协调的态势.环境库兹涅茨曲线(Environmental Kuznets Curve,简称EKC,以下同)所描述的随着经济发展环境质量最终会走向改善的情形(倒U型)在我国会重现吗?我国应采取哪些切实可行的环境政策呢?本文就上述问题作些探讨.     

中美环保NGO发展比较及对中国的启示

环保NGO是政府环境保护部门的有益补充,是推进公众参与、构建和谐社会的重要力量。中国环保NGO发展历史较短,从数量、从业人数、组织能力等方面与发展更为完善的美国相比都有较大差距。通过分析两国环保NGO的发展情况,着重对比两国在注册、筹资、社会影响等方面的情况,指出中国需要吸收国外先进经验,从政府、组织自身及社会三个层面不断完善中国环保NGO的发展。     

冶金及非煤矿山安全产业专利战略研究

在广泛调查和统计各种专利的基础上,讨论冶金及非煤矿山安全技术领域中涉及有毒有害气体安全检测、起重机安全监控、矿井提升、矿井通风和火灾的知识产权保护问题,提出了相关的专利预警分析,并从专利分析中提出目前要充分抓住国家大力发展安全产业的机遇,推动冶金及非煤矿山相关安全技术领域的研究开发工作,鼓励技术创新,使成果产业化,保持企业持续发展。     

Spatial characteristics analysis by PCR-DGGE for bacterial communities in surface sediments of Tangxi River,Hefei City北大核心CSCD

Microbes play an important role in material circulation and pollutant release in urban sediments, and its community structure can provide an important basis for evaluating the pollution load and ecosystem health of an urban river. In this study, bacterial communities in sediments from different locations of Tangxi River in Anhui Province were analyzed and compared, with an objective of evaluating the effects of aquatic environment on spatial characteristics of bacterial communities and the feasibility of using bacterial community composition as an indicator of urban river health. PCR-DGGE was applied to analyze the bacterial communities; fifteen major bands of 16S rDNA genes fragments from DGGE profiles of sediment samples were further eluted from gel, reamplified and sequenced. The sequences of these fragments were compared with the database in GenBank (NCBI). The collected samples were clustered based on UPGM Aanalysis. In addition, relationships between bacterial communities and environmental factors were analyzed by Monte Carlo test and redundancy analysis (RDA). The DGGE profiles indicated that upstream surface sediments had about 30 bands, but the differences in brightness were not significant. Although midstream surface sediments had only 18 bands on average, the brightness of some bands was relatively high, indicating that some dominant species of bacteria existed in these sediments. The amounts of bands in downstream sediments were between those of upstream and midstream, with some bands of high brightness. The NCBI comparison results showed that ten sequences shared 98-100% homology with known sequences, one with 97%, and the other four with uncultured bacteria. Shannon index (H) of bacterial diversity from upstream surface sediments was 3.31 on average, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of midstream surface sediments, and slightly higher than that of downstream surface sediments. UPGMA results showed both the distribution of bacteria communities and the diversity were strongly related with the sampling locations (Eigenvalue = 0.188, P = 0.134). Monte Carlo test and RDA analysis showed that the ion exchangeable form of nitrogen (IEF-N) was the main factor influencing the spatial characteristics of bacterial communities in the sediments. The aquatic plants had a significant effect on the richness of bacterial communities in the sediments, and the effectiveness of plant species was more notable than that of the vegetation coverage. The above results indicated that bacterial community structure and diversity in the surface sediments can well reflect the degree of urbanization development and effectiveness of ecological restoration in Tangxi River region.     

Model‐Based Nitrogen and Phosphorus (Nutrient) Criteria for Large Temperate Rivers: 1. Model Development and Application

An initial inquiry into model‐based numeric nitrogen and phosphorus (nutrient) criteria for large rivers is presented. Field data collection and associated modeling were conducted on a segment of the lower Yellowstone River in the northwestern United States to assess the feasibility of deriving numeric nutrient criteria using mechanistic water‐quality models. The steady‐state one‐dimensional model QUAL2K and a transect‐based companion model AT2K were calibrated and confirmed against low‐flow conditions at a time when river loadings, water column chemistry, and diurnal indicators were approximately steady state. Predictive simulation was then implemented via nutrient perturbation to evaluate the steady‐state and diurnal response of the river to incremental nutrient additions. In this first part of a two‐part series, we detail our modeling approach, model selection, calibration and confirmation, sensitivity analysis, model outcomes, and associated uncertainty. In the second part (Suplee et al., 2015) we describe the criteria development process using the tools described herein. Both articles provide a fundamental understanding of the process required to develop site‐specific numeric nutrient criteria using models in applied regulatory settings.     

低污染低成本COD快速测定方法的研究

文章探讨了一种无银快速测定废水COD的方法。该方法用CuSO4-MnSO4复合催化剂代替国标法中的Ag2SO4,采用H2SO4-H3PO4代替H2SO4,得到测定COD的最佳条件为:K2Cr2O7浓度为0.25 mol/L,催化剂CuSO4-MnSO4的配比为2:1,CuSO4和MnSO4总量为0.06 g,混酸比H2SO4:H3PO4为6:1,消解温度为160℃,消解时间为12 min。将实验得到的COD值与国标法COD测定结果相比较,准确度和精密度无显著性差异。此方法取样量少,消解速率快,操作简单省时,扩展了COD的测定范围,降低了污染,适用于大批量复杂水样的测定。