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991.
Almeida CM Mucha AP Vasconcelos MT 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(5):271-277
Goal, Scope and Background The presence or absence of vegetation can condition sediment characteristics. The main aim of this work was to investigate
the influence of the sea rush Juncus maritimus on metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) availability to organisms living
on or in estuarine sediments, from Douro River (NW Portugal), by comparing the characteristics and chemical behaviour of rhizosediments
(collected within the plant assemblage) and those of sediment (collected around the plant). In order to evaluate whether and
how sediment characteristics condition the role of plants on metal availability, sandy and muddy sediments colonised by J.
maritimus were studied in parallel.
Methods Metal availability was estimated by enzymatic digestion with pepsin (ED), which may provide an estimate of metal availability
to organisms living at estuarine sediments. Nevertheless, since no consensus exists yet on the most suitable methodologies
to estimate metal bioavailability in sediments, two more conventional approaches, BCR sequential extraction (SE) and AVS/SEM
model, were also used, in parallel, and the information these approaches provided was compared with that provided by ED. Total-recoverable
metal contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after sediment digestion using a high-pressure microwave
system.
Results and Discussion Plants could concentrate metals around its roots and rhizomes. In addition, they were capable of oxidizing (release of oxygen
by the roots) the anaerobic medium surrounding their roots in muddy sediment (reducing AVS). As sulphide oxidation renders
metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) into more soluble forms, according to the AVS/SEM model, metals from muddy sites would be more
available in rhizosediment than in sediment. The SE approach led to a similar conclusion. Nevertheless, the results provided
by ED pointed at opposite conclusion, particularly for Cd and Zn, indicating less availability at rhizosediments than in the
surrounding sediment. ED results were interpreted as a consequence of an enrichment of the rhizosediment in organic ligands
exuded by the roots or liberated by dead plants. The effect of complexation of metals by organic compounds, which ED could
not decompose/dissolve, seemed to overcome that caused by sediment oxidation. In general, a comparison of the information
about metal availability by ED, SE, AVS/SEM, showed that it did not always match and in few cases it was even contradictory.
Conclusion and Outlook Therefore, a thorough evaluation of the metal availability in sediments requires a combination of different chemical approaches,
so as to take into consideration differences in ways of organism exposure (interstitial water and/or ingestion of sediment
particles).
- * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August
to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France. 相似文献
992.
环境激素具有类雌激素活性 ,能对生物和人体的内分泌机能造成影响 ;环境激素污染可导致各种生物的生殖功能下降和生殖器免疫力降低 ,并引起各种生理异常。本文对国内外环境重金属激素和有机激素的研究进行了综述 ,并总结了防治环境激素污染的主要技术手段 ;指出环境激素致毒生物化学机理研究、环境激素在环境介质中的迁移 转化 积累的行为研究、环境激素容量分析以及环境激素物质的进一步筛选是国际环境科学领域的重要研究方向和前沿领域。 相似文献
993.
为了提高硝酸吸收氮氧化物的效率,对活性填料催化氧化-硝酸吸收NOx进行了研究。结果表明:活性填料能明显提高NOx的吸收效率;当NOx中NO2体积百分含量增加,其吸收效率增加;随进气浓度和液气比的增大,NOx吸收效率增加;随NO2浓度的增加,NO的吸收效率先增加后减少,在NO/NO2为3时,NO吸收效率最高;随NO的增加NO2的吸收效率先增加后减少,在NO/NO2为0.6~1之间,NO2的吸收效果较好。 相似文献
994.
Alang-Sosiya situated on the Gulf of Cambay is one of the largest ship breaking yard in the world. The seasonal distribution and contamination levels of dissolved and/or dispersed total petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals in seawater during high tide are investigated. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals are higher in the winter than in the monsoon and summer. The concentrations of total PHCs and PAHs are about three times higher in the winter and two times in the monsoon or summer at Along-Sosiya and about twice in all seasons at two stations one on either side 5 km away from it as compared to the reference station at Mahuva, 60 km away towards the south. Further, the levels of PHCs are correlated with salinity and compared with those of other regions. The concentration of all metals is the highest in the winter season followed by the monsoon and summer. We carried out the quantitative analysis of the possible relationships among 13 variables such as Al, Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, pH, NO3-, NO2 and PO4(3-). 相似文献
995.
996.
Patrick Martinez Donald K. Brandvold 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1996,30(24):4177-4182
This research consists of a laboratory study and a field study. The laboratory research reports the formation of NOx from a point to plane corona discharge. Discharge polarity and relative humidity determined the amount of NOx that was produced. The positive point discharge caused more NOx to form than the negative point discharge. For both polarities NOx production showed a nonlinear increase with current. Relative humidity enhanced the NOx formation for both polarities. In each case, the amount of NOx formed was comparable to the quantity of N2O produced from corona discharge. The research also reports the results from a field study that measured the amounts of 03 and NO2 produced by corona discharge during a thunderstorm. The study found that the ambient concentrations of 03 and NO2 increased several fold due to corona discharge and returned to original levels after the thunderstorm. 相似文献
997.
廉价吸附剂处理重金属离子废水的研究进展 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
随着现代工业的迅速发展,生产过程中排出的有害重金属离子废水日益增加。寻找较为廉价的废水净化材料,对其中有害重金属离子的有效处理已成为环境保护中亟待解决的问题。廉价吸附剂的使用取代了目前成本较高的从溶液中回收重金属离子的方法,同时吸附剂改性会大大提高其吸附量。阐述了壳聚糖、海泡石、膨润土、海藻和泥炭等结构组成、吸附和离子交换性能等,报道廉价吸附剂对一些重金属离子的最大吸附量是:796mgPb/g壳聚糖,1123mgHg/g壳聚糖。92mgcr(Ⅲ)/g壳聚糖,76mgCr(Ⅲ)/g泥炭,41mgPb/g膨润土,558mgCd/g壳聚糖,215mgCd/g海藻。由此展现了廉价吸附剂在重金属离子废水处理过程中的巨大优势和良好的发展前景。 相似文献
998.
Buszewski B Kowalkowski T 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(6):343-349
In the middle of the last century in the case of many river basins, it became obvious that the targets of the Helsinki-Commission (HELCOM) concerning a 50% reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to the Baltic Sea had not been reached. Such conclusions could be derived from the observed loads. But the measurements regarding the analysis were not sufficient to determine what the reasons for this report were, what has to be done to fulfil this agreement and to evaluate the time at which the targets can be reached. This contribution presents the current state of Polish surface water quality as well as results of modelling nutrient and heavy metal emissions into the two biggest Polish river basins: Vistula and Odra, which both cover approximately 90% of Poland's territory. 相似文献
999.
原生质体电诱导融合构建去除重金属的高效菌 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了采用原生质体电融合技术构建高效的重金属去除菌;对影响电融合效率的几个参数,以及融合子的生长条件、除铬性能和遗传稳定性等方面进行了考察;确定了进行电融合的最佳条件,并选出 1株最好的融合株R32. 实验结果表明:R32不论是在处理低浓度还是高浓度的铬液时,其去除率和还原率都明显高于 2株亲本菌,处理低浓度含铬废水时,去除率和还原率可达到 100%;处理高浓度含铬废水(200mgL-1 )时,还原率仍可达 50%以上. 经过多次传代后,R32的除铬能力保持稳定. 当投菌量>10gL-1 (湿重)时,其去除率和还原率都在 80%以上. 正交实验结果显示,pH和Cu2 浓度对R32的生长影响都不大,这些特点都有利于R32在实际含铬废水处理中的应用. 图 4表 3参 14 相似文献
1000.
麦饭石对Pb2+离子吸附的动力学研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文研究了水溶液中麦饭石对Pb^2+离子去除的反应动力学,考察了MFS粒度、溶液PH值和铅离子的初始浓度对吸附反应的影响。结果表明,MFS对Pb^2离子具有较强的吸附性能,PH值是影响吸附的主要因素,Pb^2+离子吸附的最初速率与浓度符合一级反应动力学;吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式;离子交换和表面络合反应是主要吸附形式。 相似文献