有约束应力高温全过程后混凝土轴压力学性能试验研究

采用高温抗压试验炉进行了有约束应力作用下混凝土在经历升温、降温及冷却全过程作用后的轴压力学性能试验研究,主要研究约束应力水平和温度等级对升降温及冷却全过程中的混凝土高温变形特性与高温后混凝土强度、弹性模量和应力-应变关系等性能的影响规律。结果表明:约束应力使混凝土产生明显的残余压缩变形,且对高温后混凝土抗压强度和弹性模量有显著影响;无约束应力高温后混凝土的抗压强度随着温度的升高经历低温衰退、强度恢复、高温衰退3个阶段,n≤0.4时有约束应力混凝土也表现出相同的规律;约束应力可提高高温后混凝土的弹性模量,但其值仍明显低于常温弹性模量;有约束应力高温全过程后混凝土破坏突然,明显变脆。     

SARS流行期的气候学尺度分析

对SARS疫区流行期的气候特征作了统计分析.发现它们共同的特征是月均温在5～22 ℃,降水偏少,约在90 mm以下,其中疫情爆发月均温13～17 ℃.在疫区,如果出现气温日较差较小、大气污染指数高的天气,大约8 d后出现疫情峰值.由于SARS第一次在人群中发现,并且缺乏病毒学研究,本项研究的结论是解释性的.     

天津市典型污灌区冬小麦各生育期的重金属分析

通过对天津市冬小麦生长的各个阶段的各个部位及土壤中重金属含量的分析,评价了污灌区农田土壤-植被系统的污染状况,运用转运系数和富集系数表征了重金属元素在作物中迁移和积累的能力.结果表明,冬小麦田土壤质量属2级尚清洁标准,土壤中Cd污染最严重,Hg污染次之.返青期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期,同一时期冬小麦不同部位的重金属含量整体呈现自下至上递减的趋势,即根>茎>叶>果实,而同一部位冬小麦的不同时期的重金属含量各有特点.从转运系数和富集系数上看,根富集重金属的能力要大于茎、叶和果实;重金属由土壤向根迁移的过程中,迁移能力顺序为:Pb>Cd>Hg>Cr>As,Pb迁移能力最强.冬小麦果实中As,Cd,Cr,Hg,Pb和Se含量均超过《食品中污染物限量》中规定的限值,说明研究区域目前已经不宜再种植冬小麦.     

膜下滴灌棉田不同土层盐分变化及其对棉花生长的影响

研究选择两种不同盐分含量土壤（中度盐渍化EC25：4-7 dS.m-1和轻度盐渍化EC25：1-4 dS.m-1）,通过对棉田整个生育期的土壤盐分含量测定,研究棉田不同土层盐分变化及其对棉花生长的影响。结果表明：两种不同盐分含量土壤,盐分降幅较大的在0-20、40-80 cm土层为膜下滴灌棉田盐分积聚区。整个生育期土壤盐分变化趋势相似,都表现为土壤盐分前期（现蕾期）快速下降后期有所增加;中度盐渍化和轻度盐渍化棉田的单株干物质积累量差异不显著,单位面积的干物质积累和籽棉产量差异显著,其主要原因是两种盐分土壤棉花的成活率差异较大。     

企业“在建工程“会计核算电算化的探讨

企业“在建工程”会计电算化软件设计构想是利用计算机技术完善传统会计的核算形式,核算内容为项目会计期间成本和项目期间成本,该设计构想形成的软件能够有效地发挥出会计核算在经济上管理项目的作用。     

地震活动趋势的逐步回归周期分析

逐步回归周期分析可以用来研究地震自身的变化规律，因而可以用来分析地震的活动趋势，具有一定的实用价值。     

BIVARIATE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF FLOODS USING COPULAS1

Abstract: Bivariate flood frequency analysis offers improved understanding of the complex flood process and useful information in preparing flood mitigation measures. However, difficulties arise from limited bivariate distribution functions available to jointly model the correlated flood peak and volume that have different univariate marginal distributions. Copulas are functions that link univariate distribution functions to form bivariate distribution functions, which can overcome such difficulties. The objective of this study was to analyze bivariate frequency of flood peak and volume using copulas. Separate univariate distributions of flood peak and volume are first fitted from observed data. Copulas are then employed to model the dependence between flood peak and volume and join the predetermined univariate marginal distributions to construct the bivariate distribution. The bivariate probabilities and associated return periods are calculated in terms of univariate marginal distributions and copulas. The advantage of using copulas is that they can separate the effect of dependence from the effects of the marginal distributions. In addition, explicit relationships between joint and univariate return periods are made possible when copulas are employed to construct bivariate distribution of floods. The annual floods of Tongtou flow gauge station in the Jhuoshuei River, Taiwan, are used to illustrate bivariate flood frequency analysis.     

小型管道中瓦斯爆炸火焰传播特性的实验研究

自行设计了内径88mm、壁厚6mm、总长1600mm、点火孔20mm的小型瓦斯爆炸实验管道,结构简单、操作方便,具有可观察性。采用高速摄录分析系统,对不同浓度瓦斯爆炸初期火焰传播特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:瓦斯爆炸初始阶段,火源引爆瓦斯到形成明显的、大强度的火焰传播的时间约为10~30ms;随着瓦斯浓度增大,爆炸感应期逐渐变短;瓦斯爆炸的火焰传播有一个突变过程,瓦斯浓度越大,达到突变的时间越短;当燃烧波在开始移动到5~10倍巷道宽度距离后,便开始明显加速,达到爆燃;当瓦斯爆炸火焰冲出管道时,爆炸火焰速度又一次加快。实验结果验证了该实验台研究瓦斯爆炸是可行的。     

淮河流域洪涝变化可预报时间研究

在先前的淮河流域洪涝变化基本特征、混沌特征、耗散性等基础上,采用Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ熵和Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数谱分析了淮河流域洪涝变化预报时间。研究表明,淮河流域洪涝变化长期不可预报,短期是可以预报的,其可预报时间为４￣６年,以４年为较合适。     

Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of atmospheric particles during heating period in Harbin, China

Atmospheric particles（total suspended particles（TSPs）; particulate matter（PM） with particle size below 10 μm, PM10; particulate matter with particle size below 2.5 μm, PM2.5）were collected and analyzed during heating and non-heating periods in Harbin. The sources of PM10 and PM2.5were identified by the chemical mass balance（CMB） receptor model.Results indicated that PM2.5/TSP was the most prevalent and PM2.5was the main component of PM210, while the presence of PM10–100was relatively weak. SO-4and NO-3concentrations were more significant than other ions during the heating period. As compared with the non-heating period, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Si, Ti, Zn, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Fe and K were relatively higher during the heating period. In particular, Mn, Ni, S, Si, Ti, Zn and As in PM2.5were obviously higher during the heating period. Organic carbon（OC） in the heating period was 2–5 times higher than in the non-heating period. Elemental carbon（EC） did not change much. OC/EC ratios were 8–11 during the heating period, which was much higher than in other Chinese cities（OC/EC： 4–6）. Results from the CMB indicated that 11 pollution sources were identified, of which traffic, coal combustion, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, and secondary organic carbon made the greatest contribution. Before the heating period, dust and petrochemical industry made a larger contribution. In the heating period, coal combustion and secondary sulfate were higher. After the heating period, dust and petrochemical industry were higher. Some hazardous components in PM2.5were higher than in PM10, because PM2.5has a higher ability to absorb toxic substances. Thus PM2.5pollution is more significant regarding human health effects in the heating period.