有机物料及表面活性剂对植物修复菲污染土壤的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了外源有机物料及表面活性剂加入菲污染土壤后黑麦草对土壤中菲的修复作用.结果表明,有机物料(绿肥和猪粪堆肥)施入土壤后,黑麦草地上部和地下部的生物量比对照增加了13.54～24.18%,而表面活性剂(T80、SDS、CTAB)的加入却降低了黑麦草的生物量;结果还显示,有机物料和表面活性剂加入都可以提高植株体内菲的含量,但植株吸收积累菲的量占土壤菲总损失量的比例不足0.1%.本研究表明,植物从土壤中吸收菲不是植物修复菲污染土壤的主要机制.     

地面水中非离子氨及其浓度换算公式

本文从电离平衡原理出发,导出非离子氨的分布系数的计算式及其浓度的换算公式,可准确地计算任意水温、pH和离子强度条件下的非离子氨的平衡浓度,具有广泛的应用意义。     

乳化液废水湿式氧化动力学研究

在 2L高压间歇反应釜内 ,研究了乳化液废水湿式氧化 (WAO)的效果、影响因素及动力学特征 .结果表明 :温度、氧分压、进水浓度等操作条件对氧化效果有不同程度的影响 ,其中温度是关键的影响因素 .进水COD为 4 80 0 0mg·l- 1时 ,在 2 2 0℃ ,1 2 5倍理论供氧量的条件下 (氧分压为 1 2MPa) ,反应 2h ,去除率达 86% ,经拟合的反应动力学模型为 :-dCODdt =0 0 94 63exp ( -4 5 92 8× 1 0 3RT ) [COD]2 0 15[PO2 ]0 3 118-dTOCdt =0 3 770exp ( -4 7 84 1× 1 0 3RT ) [TOC]1 978[PO2 ]0 3 0 18表明湿式氧化处理乳化液废水的效果良好     

表面活性剂修饰氧化铋形貌及其超声降解性能研究

本实验分别用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)以及两种表面活性剂耦合进行修饰氧化铋形貌,并对修饰后的样品进行XRD、EDS、XPS、SEM等表征分析;同时探讨了表面活性剂修饰后的氧化铋在超声作用下对直接大红的最佳投加量和降解性能.结果表明:催化剂的最佳投加量为75 mg,最佳降解性能的样品为阴阳离子表面活性剂耦合修饰的氧化铋;当催化剂投加量为75 mg、初始浓度为10 mg·L-1、超声频率为45 k Hz、功率为100 W时,表面活性剂SDBS与CTAB在比例为1∶1耦合时修饰的氧化铋在20 min内对直接大红的总去除率达到99.4%,比空白实验提高16倍多.     

pH及表面活性剂对诺氟沙星在海洋沉积物上吸附行为的影响

采用批量平衡法系统考察了pH值和4种表面活性剂对诺氟沙星在海洋沉积物上吸附行为的影响.结果表明,不同pH值下,诺氟沙星在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为均可以较好地用Freundlich等温式拟合.Freundlich常数KF与诺氟沙星的平衡吸附量均随pH值的增大而减小,且在pH值为8.10时,出现最小值;研究发现,pH值为6.01时,诺氟沙星以阳离子交换为主要机制吸附在海洋沉积物上;pH值为8.10时,诺氟沙星在海洋沉积物中的吸附以范德华力、疏水作用、静电作用为主.加入表面活性剂后,其吸附行为能较好地用吸附二级动力学方程拟合.加入表面活性剂对诺氟沙星的平衡吸附量Qe有影响,饱和吸附量Qe由小到大依次为:Qe(Tween80)相似文献   

双阳离子有机膨润土对菲的吸附性能及机理研究

用长碳链季铵盐溴化十六烷基三甲胺（ＣＴＭＡＢ）与短碳链阳离子表面活性剂（ＴＭＡＢ）按不同配比改性膨润土。制得一系列双阳离子有机膨润土。研究了双阳离子有机膨润土吸附水中菲的适宜条件、性能及机理,结果表明,双阳离子有机膨润土的层间距、有机碳含晡对菲的吸附性能与改性时表面活性剂的加入量成正相关;菲等温吸附曲线呈线性,是菲在水－双阳离子有机膨润土之间分配作用的结果。     

Peroxymonosulfate-Co(II) oxidation system for the removal of the non-ionic surfactant Brij 35 from aqueous solution

The non-ionic surfactant Brij 35 was effectively removed from concentrated aqueous solution by the peroxymonosulfate/Co(II) system, using oxone (2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄) as a source of peroxymonosulfate. At pH = 2.3 and initial Brij 35 concentration in the range 680-2410 mg L⁻¹, 86-94% removal was achieved after 24 h, using Co(II) = 15 μM and oxone = 5.9 mM. The effectiveness of removal did not change when initial pH was in the range 2.3-8.2. After five subsequent additions of Co(II) and oxone to the solution, COD and TOC removals increased up to 64% and 33%, respectively. Radical quenching tests confirmed that sulfate radical was the dominant radical species in the system. The main identified by-products from surfactant degradation were: (a) low molecular weight organic acids; (b) aldehydes and formates with shorter ethoxy chain than Brij 35; (c) alcohol ethoxylates carrying hydroxyl groups bonded to ethoxy chain. By-products identification allowed to hypothesize the pathways of Brij 35 degradation.     

均匀电场下多环芳烃在土壤中的迁移

当循环电解液流速为800 mL/h,电解液为无菌水时,电渗流流量、菲和芘在土壤中迁移量在电压梯度为1 V/cm作用下比电压梯度为0.5 V/cm时要多;电动注入表面活性剂Tween80和HPCD均可以提高菲和芘在土壤中的迁移,注入Tween80和HPCD浓度分别为500和1 000 mg/L时,相应地Phe提高5.8倍和11.7倍、芘提高2倍和3.4倍;而BaP在水中的溶解度太小,电场作用和电动注入表面活性剂对BaP在土壤中的迁移量影响很小。为建立电动修复有机污染物污染提供了技术基础。     

Mechanisms of enhanced mobilisation of trace metals by anionic surfactants in soil

Long-term applications of small concentrations of surfactants in soil via wastewater irrigation or pesticide application may enhance trace metal solubility. Mechanisms by which anionic surfactants (Aerosol 22, SDS and Biopower) affect trace metal solubility were assessed using batch, incubation and column experiments. In batch experiments on seven soils, the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Ni and Zn in the dissolved fraction of soils increased up to 100-fold at the high application rates, but increased less than 1.5-fold below the critical micelle concentration. Dissolved metal concentrations were less than 20% affected by surfactants in long-term incubations (70 days) up to the largest dose of 200 mg C kg⁻¹ soil. Leaching soil columns with A22 (100-1000 mg C L⁻¹) under unsaturated conditions increased trace metal concentrations in the leachates 2-4 fold over the control. Correlation analysis and speciation modelling showed that the increased solubility of metals upon surfactant application was more related to the solubilisation of soil organic matter from soil than to complexation of the metals with the surfactant. Organic matter from soil was solubilised in response to a decrease of solution Ca²⁺ as a result of Ca-surfactant precipitation. At environmentally relevant concentrations, surfactant application is unlikely to have a significant effect on trace metal mobility.     

Study on aqueous two-phase systems of the mixture SDS/CTAB surfactants

The phenomenon of two dilute aqueous phases composed of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) was investigated under various conditions such as concentrations and molar ratios of the two surfactants, the addition of sodium chloride and temperature. Vesicles formation was found in the both phases by TEM image.