文化和旅游的关系网络及其融合路径研究

为破解文化和旅游融合发展过程中的困难和挑战,借鉴共生理论、社会互动理论和互惠规范理论,构建了文化和旅游"共生—共建—共享"的关系网络,并进一步从政府、企业和旅游者角度提出文旅融合发展路径,最终构建了文化和旅游在理念、职能、产业、市场、服务和交流方面的六大融合矩阵。     

The Silent Mass Extinction of Insect Herbivores in Biodiversity Hotspots

Abstract: Habitat loss is silently leading numerous insects to extinction. Conservation efforts, however, have not been designed specifically to protect these organisms, despite their ecological and evolutionary significance. On the basis of species–host area equations, parameterized with data from the literature and interviews with botanical experts, I estimated the number of specialized plant‐feeding insects (i.e., monophages) that live in 34 biodiversity hotspots and the number committed to extinction because of habitat loss. I estimated that 795,971–1,602,423 monophagous insect species live in biodiversity hotspots on 150,371 endemic plant species, which is 5.3–10.6 monophages per plant species. I calculated that 213,830–547,500 monophagous species are committed to extinction in biodiversity hotspots because of reduction of the geographic range size of their endemic hosts. I provided rankings of biodiversity hotspots on the basis of estimated richness of monophagous insects and on estimated number of extinctions of monophagous species. Extinction rates were predicted to be higher in biodiversity hotspots located along strong environmental gradients and on archipelagos, where high spatial turnover of monophagous species along the geographic distribution of their endemic plants is likely. The results strongly support the overall strategy of selecting priority conservation areas worldwide primarily on the basis of richness of endemic plants. To face the global decline of insect herbivores, one must expand the coverage of the network of protected areas and improve the richness of native plants on private lands.     

低温下强化水芹浮床对农村污水的深度处理研究

在低温条件下,利用强化水芹浮床对生物净化槽处理后的崇明岛农村生活污水进行深度处理.研究结果表明,水芹在浮床内保持着较好的生长状态,是一种优越的低温条件下浮床植物;强化水芹浮床由纤维填料和水芹交替分布组合而成,提高了浮床内的微生物浓度,强化了浮床对污染物质的降解作用,从而使其对有机质、氮、磷及悬浮物保持着较好的净化效果,平均出水浓度COD≤40 mg/L,NH4+-N≤10 mg/L,TN≤15 mg/L,TP≤1.0 mg/L.     

厌氧氨氧化菌与其他细菌之间的协同竞争关系

随着污水脱氮行业的蓬勃发展,各种新工艺、新理论层出不穷.厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)工艺以其独特的优点脱颖而出,成为最具应用前景的新工艺.厌氧氨氧化菌作为该过程的执行者目前已发现5属17种,本文主要对5属17种的厌氧氨氧化菌进行总结,并对厌氧氨氧化菌种内关系中的群体感应系统进行详细介绍,此外还介绍了厌氧氨氧化菌与硝化菌、反硝化菌以及厌氧甲烷氧化菌之间的协同与竞争关系.最后给出常见竞争因素对厌氧氨氧化种群结构的影响,通过控制竞争因素来实现对厌氧氨氧化种群结构的调节.本文将厌氧氨氧化菌微生物生态学与厌氧氨氧化污水处理工艺相结合,为厌氧氨氧化工艺在污水生物处理中的应用提供理论依据.     

论人地关系变化对湖北省自然灾害的影响

人口增长及其引发的人地关系失调导致并加重了一系列自然灾害.人地关系恶化致使湖北省“灾种增多、频率加快、灾情趋重“.因此,湖北省的防灾减灾工作,不仅要重视水利工程、生态工程等减灾措施的作用,更要重视人地关系变化对自然灾害的影响,从调整人地关系入手,进行生态减压,从而达到从根本上防灾减灾的目的.     

黄土高塬沟壑区砚瓦川流域水沙关系及其对流域治理的响应

选取黄土高塬沟壑区砚瓦川流域作为研究对象,分析综合治理前后年水沙关系及次降雨水沙关系变化及其对流域治理的响应,研究结果表明：1997年为砚瓦川流域减水减沙作用明显生效的转折年。治理期（1998-2009年）与基准期（1981-1997年）相比,无论年尺度还是次降雨尺度上,径流深与输沙模数间的关系均发生显著变化,其单位径流输沙量显著降低。其中在次降雨尺度上水沙关系趋于稳定的临界径流深为3 mm;当降雨量<50 mm、雨强<4 mm/h或历时>3 h 时,治理期较基准期水沙关系变化显著。水土保持综合治理是造成年尺度和次降雨尺度上水沙关系变化显著的原因,并且可以显著降低中低降雨量、中低雨强和中长历时降雨的单位径流输沙量。     

海啸波近岸共振响应的数值模拟及分析

应用有限差分方法求解非线性浅水长波方程,建立了海啸波产生和传播的二维数值模型;对太平洋地震引起的夏威夷群岛海啸波进行模拟,并将模拟结果和测站实测值进行比较,验证了模型的正确性。利用快速傅里叶变换对数值模拟结果进行谱分析,得到整个计算区域的能量谱分布,并给出了发生能量聚集的位置及相应的谱峰周期。讨论了海啸波传播到近岸时可能产生的共振响应现象,发现海啸波和近岸的共振响应不仅与近岸复杂地形有关,还与海啸波传播到近岸时的波浪入射方向有关。     

灾害多发地域社会关系网络建构路径的实证研究——以云南省大关县翠华镇为例

为了更好地构建典型灾害多发地域的社会关系网络,进而为相关应急管理工作提供支撑,采用灾害多发地域档案数据与问卷数据验证相结合的方法,提出灾害多发地域社会关系网络的建构路径;选取位于古滑坡带上的云南省大关县翠华镇为例进行说明,通过地理信息系统（Arcgis）分析当地档案数据与问卷获取数据的空间对象分布特征,并以问卷调查的局部数据验证相关档案数据的可靠性,最后,在翠华镇社会关系网络基础上,分析该灾害多发地域的应急预警信息传播特点,提出“分区域预警,以户为单位传播预警信息“的措施建议。研究结果表明:通过档案数据与问卷数据相结合方法构建灾害多发地域社会关系网络的方法可行,能够为相关应急管理措施提供参考和支撑。     

洪泛湖泊水位-流量关系的非线性特征分析

湖泊的水位-流量关系是湖泊水文特性的重要表征。该关系与湖盆形态、湖泊与周围水系的水力联系等因素有关。鄱阳湖是长江中游的大型通江湖泊,洪泛特征显著。本文以鄱阳湖为例,研究洪泛湖泊入湖流量-湖泊水位关系及非线性特征。基于1960~2010年实测湖泊日水位和流域日径流数据,采用交叉小波和小波相干方法分析多时间尺度上水位对入湖流量的响应关系。结果表明,鄱阳湖入湖流量-湖泊水位关系存在3个特征阶段:阶段1中,入湖流量与湖泊水位相位差从0°过渡到45°~90°,水位上升初期与流量同步上升,后期水位对流量的响应产生迟滞效应,滞后时间为2~9d;阶段2中,入湖流量与湖泊水位相位差在90°左右波动,入湖流量率先下降,湖泊水位却保持缓慢上升;阶段3中,入湖流量与湖泊水位的相位变化与阶段1相反,从45°~90°过渡到0°,湖泊水位与入湖流量下降逐渐变为同步。本文提出鄱阳湖入湖流量-湖泊水位关系的3个阶段并分析其产生的主要原因,概化其水文特征,对通江洪泛湖泊的水文特征有新的认识,为下一步湖泊水文过程的刻画与模拟提供重要理论基础。     

Polyoxometalates for photocatalytic degradation of aqueous dyestuff solutions and quantitative structure–property relationship study on photolysis rate constants

Polyoxometalate, K₆TiW₁₁O₃₉Sn·7H₂O (TiW₁₁Sn), was synthesized and characterized. TiW₁₁Sn and K₆ZrW₁₁O₃₉Sn·12H₂O (ZrW₁₁Sn) were evaluated for their photocatalytic degradation of triarylmethane (brilliant green and acid blue 9), bisazo (C.I. reactive black 5), and monoazo dyestuffs (C.I. reactive red 24, C.I. reactive red 194, and C.I. reactive orange 5) with natural sunlight in homogeneous aqueous solutions. TiW₁₁Sn and ZrW₁₁Sn effectively and photocatalytically decolorized the dyestuffs. The TiW₁₁Sn- and ZrW₁₁Sn-mediated photocatalytic degradation of the dyestuffs involved a pseudo-first-order reaction and was modeled by Langmuir–Hinshelwood-type kinetics. The observed pseudo-first-order rate constants (K^/) of triarylmethane dyestuffs were generally bigger than that of the azo dyestuffs. Quantitative structure–property relationship models of the K^/ of the dyestuffs were developed using partial least-square regression. The cumulative variance of the dependent variable explained by the partial least-square components was > 0.753 for each optimal model. This value indicated that the model had good predictive ability and robustness. The K^/ values of the dyestuffs were related to the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and the most positive net atomic charges on a sulfur atom of dyestuffs. The linear correlation coefficients between the predicted and experimental values were all > 0.9950.