HPLC法测定镉、砷胁迫下水稻根系的植物螯合肽

利用monobromobimane衍生试剂,通过反相高效液相色谱-荧光检测体系对镉、砷胁迫下水稻根系内的植物螯合肽(PCs)等巯基化合物进行形态和含量的分析测定.结果表明,采用乙腈和0.1％三氟乙酸组成的两元梯度流动相,可以将标准样品中的谷胱甘肽(GSH)和PCs等巯基化合物很好地分离.利用上述方法,能较好地分离Cd、...     

巯基改性活性炭对水溶液中汞的吸附性能研究

利用活性炭与巯基乙酸间的酯化反应,制备了巯基改性活性炭AC-SH,并通过静态吸附实验研究了该材料对水溶液中汞的吸附性能。研究结果表明,该改性方法可以在活性炭上嫁接2.31 mmol/g的巯基,AC-SH对汞的最大吸附容量高达556 mg/g;AC-SH的适用pH值范围非常广,在pH 1.5～10.5范围内其对汞的吸附去除率均达到90％以上,最佳吸附pH值范围为3～7;氯离子对AC-SH的吸附性能具有一定的抑制作用,原因在于它能和汞离子络合形成一系列吸附性能较差的Hg-Cl络合物。     

铯对印度芥菜和菊苣植物螯合肽和金属硫蛋白含量的影响

以133Cs作为污染源,溶液培养印度芥菜和菊苣幼苗,研究植物螯合肽(phytochelatins,PCs)、金属硫蛋白(metallothionein,MT)等含巯基肽类物质与Cs+胁迫毒理的内在联系。采用改良水培法培养印度芥菜和菊苣长至两片真叶,置于含铯[ρ(Cs~+)0~200 mg·L~(-1)]的营养液中培养一段时间后取样,测定幼苗地上部和根系生物量,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定Cs~+富集量,5,5’-二六硝基苯甲酸(DTNB)比色法测定PCs和MT含量。结果显示:随着Cs~+浓度[ρ(Cs+)25~200 mg·L~(-1)]增加,印度芥菜和菊苣地上部和根系生物量显著降低(P0.05),印度芥菜的生物量降低幅度小于菊苣;Cs~+的富集量均显著增加,印度芥菜对Cs~+富集量大于菊苣,印度芥菜地上部、菊苣根系分别是Cs~+的主要蓄积部位;非蛋白巯基肽类(non-protein thiol,NPT)、植物螯合肽(PCs)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和金属硫蛋白(MT)含量变化均呈现先升后降的趋势,均表现为根系地上部,印度芥菜菊苣。当ρ(Cs~+)100 mg·L~(-1)时NPT、PCs、GSH和MT达最大值。结果表明,菊苣对Cs~+处理敏感,印度芥菜具有较强的吸收和转运Cs~+的能力,Cs~+处理诱导合成PCs、GSH和MT含量显著增加,这是印度芥菜对Cs~+耐性较强的主要原因。     

巯基重金属捕集剂脱除电镀废水中低浓度Ni的效能及机理研究

以某电镀厂经Na2S预处理后的废水作为研究对象,选用Na OH、Na2S和有机巯基类化合物(EDTC)作为重金属捕集剂,对废水中低浓度Ni进行深度脱除.通过处理效果对比,最终选用EDTC作为Ni理想的捕集剂,重点考察了加药方式、p H、EDTC投加量、反应时间、PAC投加量及不同含Ni电镀废水对Ni去除效果的影响并探讨了EDTC去除Ni的机理.结果表明,Ni初始浓度为6.41 mg·L-1时,最佳工艺条件依次为:p H为7.0,EDTC投加量为摩尔比nEDTC/nNi=4,反应时间为15 min,PAC投加量为100 mg·L-1,PAM投加量为2.5 mg·L-1,此时出水Ni2+浓度为1.08 mg·L-1,去除率达83.15%.在此基础上,针对3种不同含Ni电镀废水,经EDTC处理后Ni去除率均在80%以上,部分废水出水Ni2+浓度低于0.1 mg·L-1,达到了《电镀污染物排放标准(GB21900-2008)》中关于Ni污染物特别排放限值的要求(0.1 mg·L-1).红外光谱图和有机元素分析结果表明,EDTC与Ni会发生螯合反应,即EDTC巯基中硫捕捉Ni2+并趋向成键,生成难溶的螯合产物,从而有效地去除废水中Ni.     

Synergistic increase in cell lethality by dieldrin and H2O2 in rat thymocytes: Effect of dieldrin on the cells exposed to oxidative stress

Dieldrin, one of persistent pesticides, is highly resistant to biotic and abiotic degradation. It is accumulated in organisms. Recent studies suggest that dieldrin exerts a potent cytotoxic action on cells exposed to oxidative stress. In this study, the effect of dieldrin on rat thymocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress was examined. Dieldrin at 5 μM and H₂O₂ at 300 μM slightly increased cell lethality from a control value of 5.4 ± 0.5% (mean ± standard deviation of four experiments) to 7.8 ± 1.3% and 9.0 ± 0.3%, respectively. Simultaneous application of dieldrin and H₂O₂ significantly increased cell lethality to 46.2 ± 1.8%. The synergistic increase in cell lethality was dependent on dieldrin concentration (0.3–5 μM) but not on H₂O₂ concentration (30–300 μM). Dieldrin accelerated H₂O₂-induced cell death, which was estimated with the help of annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. Presence of either dieldrin or H₂O₂ decreased the cellular content of nonprotein thiol and increased intracellular Zn²⁺ concentration. The combination of dieldrin and H₂O₂ further pronounced these effects. TPEN, a chelator of intracellular Zn²⁺, significantly attenuated the synergistic increase in cell lethality induced by dieldrin and H₂O₂. It is, therefore, suggested that dieldrin augments the cytotoxicity of H₂O₂ in a Zn²⁺-dependent manner.     

Effects of heavy metals on the nitrogen metabolism of the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica L. ex Hedw. A 15N tracer study

The assessment of pollution in aquatic systems necessitates an accurate indication of toxicity of heavy metals for organisms and ecosystems. We used the stable nitrogen isotope 15N to estimate the influence of the heavy metals Cd, Pb and Zn on the synthesis of nitrogen-containing fractions in the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica. This method permits conclusions concerning inhibitory effects of these heavy metals on the assimilation of nitrogen and the biosynthesis of amino acids and proteins. The moss was exposed to metal concentrations of 25-500 microM over a period of 5-10 days. 15N abundance of exposed plants was compared with that of control plants. Similar to a loss of vitality determined using a fluorometric assay, a decrease of the 15N abundance in the N fractions of Fontinalis antipyretica was measured in dependence on the metal concentration. Nevertheless, the individual inhibition by the distinct metals was different, so that the following order of toxicity was derived: Cd > Pb > Zn.     

我国饮用水中嗅味问题及其研究进展

综述了我国饮用水中的嗅味问题及其国内外研究进展,着重讨论了我国面临的饮用水中嗅味问题的现状、水中嗅味来源及饮用水中嗅味的定性定量分析技术、致嗅物质组成特性、典型致嗅物质的去除技术及工艺.旨在阐明除了土嗅素(geosmin)和2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)等微生物代谢产物外,硫醇硫醚类厌氧分解产物也是我国饮用水中重要的致嗅物质.硫醇硫醚类致嗅物质于2006年首次在东莞饮用水中发现,后被证明也是2007年太湖饮用水危机中的主要致嗅物质.Geosmin和2-MIB的吸附效果好于氧化,而硫醇硫醚类致嗅物质易于被氧化去除,不易被吸附去除.需要尽快开展我国饮用水中致嗅物质组成特性及典型致嗅物质去除技术和工艺的研究,形成应对不同水源、不同季节、不同致嗅物质嗅味的饮用水处理工艺.