脉冲电晕等离子体降解有毒气体

采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体对化学毒剂模拟剂氯膦酸二乙酯(DECP)进行降解,结果表明,对初始浓度为70 mg·m-3的DECP降解率为96.4%.通过GC-MS和离子色谱分析,其降解产物主要有CHCl2-CH2Cl、CHCl2-CHCl2、二氯膦酸乙酯、HCl和H3PO4,并根据降解产物探讨了等离子体对DECP的降解反应机理.DECP分子中的P—Cl和C—O键断裂促使DECP矿化为H3PO4和HCl,而C—O键断裂形成的乙基与氯自由基反应形成CHCl2-CH2Cl和CHCl2-CHCl2;同时DECP分子中的一个P—O键发生断裂后与氯自由基结合形成了二氯膦酸乙酯.对DECP的反应动力学进行了分析讨论,得到其反应速率常数为0.0516 m.3(W.h)-1.     

甲醇对等离子体脱硫脱硝影响的实验研究

应用等离子体耦合催化剂进行烟气同时脱硫脱硝实验,重点分析了甲醇对脱硫脱硝效率的影响,同时研究了反应温度、甲醇浓度等因素的影响。实验结果表明,在V2O5/TiO2催化剂耦合等离子体反应器中,200℃时添加0.4%的甲醇能将NO的氧化效率从38%提高到99%。     

高压脉冲等离子体降解水中苯酚的实验研究

对高压脉冲放电等离子体技术降解水中有机污染物苯酚进行了实验研究,观察了脉冲成形电容、脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、放电电极直径、放电距离、苯酚的人口质量浓度等因素对苯酚降解率的影响;实验结果表明脉冲成形电容有一最佳值;降解率随脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率增大而升高,随放电电极直径和放电距离的减小而增大,随苯酚人口质量浓度增大而增大。     

Catalytic decomposition of low level ozone with gold nanoparticles supported on activated carbon

Highly dispersed gold nanoparticles were supported on coal-based activated carbon (AC) by a sol immobilization method and were used to investigate their catalytic activity for low-level ozone decomposition at ambient temperature. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the catalysts before and after ozone decomposition. The results showed that the supported gold nanoparticles prepared with microwave heating were much smaller and more uniformly dispersed on the activated carbon than those prepared with traditional conduction heating, exhibiting higher catalytic activity for ozone decomposition. The pH values of gold precursor solution significantly influenced the catalytic activity of supported gold for ozone decomposition, and the best pH value was 8. In the case of space velocity of 120000h⁻¹, inlet ozone concentration of 50mg/m³, and relative humidity of 45%, the Au/AC catalyst maintained the ozone removal ratio at 90.7% after 2500min. After being used for ozone decomposition, the surface carbon of the catalyst was partly oxidized and the oxygen content increased accordingly, while its specific surface area and pore volume only decreased a little. Ozone was mainly catalytically decomposed by the gold nanoparticles supported on the activated carbon.     

Submerged arc plasma system combined with ozone oxidation for the treatment of wastewater containing non-degradable organic compounds

• Submerged arc plasma was introduced in terms of wastewater treatment. • Ozone oxidation was coupled with submerged arc plasma system. • Ozone was converted into O and O₂ by submerged arc plasma. • Decomposition rate was accelerated by submerged arc plasma. • Introduction of ozone led to significant increase in mineralization. Submerged arc plasma technology was assessed for the removal of phenols from wastewater. The OH radicals generated from the boundary between the plasma and waste solution were considered as a significant factor on the degradation reaction. In this study, the effects of highly energetic electrons released from the submerged arc plasma were mainly studied. The highly energetic electrons directly broke the strong chemical bond and locally increased the reaction temperatures in solution. The effects of the submerged-arc plasma on the decomposition of phenol are discussed in terms of the input energy and initial concentration. The single use of submerged arc plasma easily decomposed the phenol but did not increase the mineralization efficiency. Therefore, the submerged arc plasma, coupled with the ozone injection, was investigated. The submerged arc plasma combined with ozone injection had a synergic effect, which led to significant improvements in mineralization with only a small increase in input energy. The decomposition mechanism of phenol by the submerged arc plasma with the ozone was analyzed.     

两种放电模式降解甲苯的原位红外研究

采用原位红外对比研究连续放电法和吸附存储-放电法两种降解方式下,γ-Al2O3、Ag/γ-Al2O3、NiO/γ-Al2O3三种催化剂上甲苯的吸附和降解反应,对该过程中催化剂表面中间产物的变化以及催化剂对甲苯降解的作用进行考察.结果表明,吸附存储-放电法要优于连续放电法,其中间产物的种类相对减少,未检测到胺类物质;主要原因是吸附存储-放电模式下的催化剂可以有效利用等离子体产生的活性物种,使中间产物迅速脱附转化.对比γ-Al2O3、Ag/γ-Al2O3、NiO/γ-Al2O3三种催化剂对甲苯的降解作用,结果显示Ag、NiO的添加能有效减少中间产物的累积,其中NiO/γ-Al2O3表现出更良好的效果.     

滑动弧放电等离子体杀菌的研究进展

在介绍现有杀菌方法及其局限性的基础上提出滑动弧放电等离子体杀菌技术,阐述滑动弧放电等离子体产生的基本原理,介绍了基本的反应装置及其发展情况;探讨此技术在杀菌方面的研究进展,并从紫外线、臭氧、NO.和.OH自由基、H2O2等角度出发对杀菌机理进行了分析。最后对该项技术在杀菌领域的应用与发展提出了建议及展望。     

电晕放电等离子体烟气脱硫工业化试验

在四川绵阳5000-20000 m3／h装置上进行了电晕放电等离子体烟气脱硫试验。试验结果表明,水蒸气／氨放电活化均能够提高烟气脱硫效率。在水蒸气／氨活化及脉冲电晕联合作用下,烟气温度60-70℃,烟气含湿总量约10％,SO2初始体积分数1500×10-6,氨硫摩尔比2:1,系统耗能率约为4 W·h／m3时,脱硫效率达到93％,形成的副产物中(NH4)2SO4与(NH4)2SO3的质量比大于95:5。     

脉冲电湿式脱硫除尘技术及其在精锌冶炼炉的应用

介绍脉冲电湿式脱硫除尘技术及其在精锌冶炼炉上的应用。     

柴油机排气微粒过滤催化处理技术及进展

介绍了柴油机微粒后处理催化捕集器特点 ,评述了过滤器催化再生方法 ,综述了蜂窝陶瓷载体涂层及催化剂活性组分研究现状。重点阐述了微粒再生催化剂研究进展及其发展趋势