钙化物在废弃物基活性炭制备过程中的影响

研究了以城市垃圾中3种典型的固体有机废弃物——锯木屑、纸张和塑料的热解产物（分别简称木炭、纸炭和塑料热解物）为原料,水蒸气为活化剂制备废弃物基活性炭时钙化物含量对活化过程、活性炭吸附性能（以碘值表征）及其孔结构的影响。结果表明,钙化物可加快活化反应的速度,且钙化物含量在1.5%时活化反应速度即已不再随钙化物含量的增加而增加;活性炭的吸附性能则随钙化物含量的增加而减少,同时钙化物对活性炭的孔径分布基本无影响,但降低了活性炭的比表面积、微孔孔容及中孔孔容;钙化物的2种前驱体（即CaO和Ca（OH）2）对活化过程具有相同的催化作用。     

添加硫酸根对燃煤电厂V2O5基脱硝催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法分别制得活性物质V2O5的含量均为1%和SO2-4的含量不同的催化剂,并通过实验研究了添加SO-24对燃煤电厂SCR法脱硝技术中V2O5基催化剂活性和热稳定性的影响.在固定床反应器上,在NH3/NOx物质的量比为1.0和模拟烟气流量为72 L·h-1条件下,对几种催化剂的活性进行了测试,结果显示,当负载加入5.01%的SO2-4或使用含有8.91%的SO-24载体制备催化剂时,催化剂的活性提高最为显著;在TGA 92热重.差热分析仪上对这两种催化剂进行了热重实验,结果表明,添加的硫酸根对催化剂的热稳定性也有一定提高,且不会影响电厂SCR催化剂的使用.     

Characteristic of emissive spectrum and the removal of nitric oxide in N2/O2/NO plasma with argon additive

Although the approach using non-thermal plasma (NTP) for deNOx has been studied for over 15 years,how to achieve higher removal efficiency with lower cost is still a barrier for its industrial application.In order to investigate the impact of the argon additive on the electron density,energy and the nitric oxide reduction process in plasma,the spectrum of the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial reactor was measured using the monochromater with high resolution and the comparative experiments for NO reduction were carried out simultaneously in the N2/O2/NO plasma stream with and without argon,respectively.The nitrogen molecular spectrum which is attributed to the energy level transition (C3πu→B3πg ) was compared in the wavelength range 300-480 nm and the electron density and temperature were determined by the calculation based on the relative intensities and Stark broadening width of spectral lines.The spectrum results indicated that the argon additive could enhance the intensity of emissive spectrum of plasma,thus the electron concentration as well as the energy was increased,and finally prompted the ionization rate to produce active N,O and O3.The results of NO reduction showed that the NO conversion efficiency increased in the range of 10%-30% with 5% addition of argon in stream comparing with the condition without argon additive.This study will play a positive role in the industrial application of dielectric barrier discharge deNOx reactor.     

MnO_2催化KMnO_4氧化降解酚类化合物

研究了MnO2强化KMnO4氧化降解酚类化合物的效能与机制.在假一级动力学实验条件下(KMnO4初始浓度是目标有机物初始浓度的10倍),考察了KMnO4对酚类化合物(2-氯酚和4-氯酚)的氧化降解规律.发现在KMnO4氧化降解酚类化合物过程中存在着明显的自催化现象,即原位产生的胶体MnO2可以促进KMnO4对有机物的氧化降解.实验进一步考察了MnO2浓度、粒径大小和溶液pH对MnO2催化KMnO4氧化降解酚类化合物的影响.结果表明,外加胶体MnO2和颗粒MnO2都可以催化KMnO4氧化降解酚类化合物,而且假一级动力学常数(K)随着MnO2浓度(30～180μmol·L-1)的增加呈线性增加;与胶体MnO2相比,颗粒MnO2的催化能力较弱;随着溶液pH的增加,MnO2催化能力逐渐减弱.实验中还发现外加MnO2能够催化KMnO4氧化降解2-硝基酚(单独MnO2和KMnO4均不能将其氧化),但对于二甲基亚砜(其不具有与金属离子络合配位的能力)则没有催化作用.由此推测MnO2催化KMnO4氧化降解有机物的作用机制可能为表面吸附络合催化,即吸附在MnO2表面形成的络合物比存在于溶液中的有机物本身更易被KMnO4氧化.     

锰离子催化臭氧液相烟气脱硫实验研究

对Mn2+催化臭氧(O3)液相氧化脱除二氧化硫(SO2)进行了实验研究,以揭示Mn2+对臭氧液相氧化SO2的影响.采用标准碘量法测定了O3浓度曲线.实验比较了添加Mn2+前后吸收液对SO2的脱除效率,并研究了O3与SO2摩尔比([O3]/[SO2])、Mn2+浓度对SO2脱除效率的影响.在[O3]/[SO2]=0.5、未添加Mn2+时O3对SO2的氧化效率为35%,而添加Mn2+后的氧化效率达到70%.随着[O3]/[SO2]的增大,SO2脱除效率逐渐增加,而且脱除效率也随Mn2+浓度的增加而增加,合适的Mn2+浓度范围为1.2×10-2~1.2×10-1mol/L.     

Fabrication of supported acid catalytic composite fibers by a simple and low-cost method and their application on the synthesis of liquid biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

In this paper, sulfonic groups functionalized annealed bio-based carbon microspheres loaded polytetrafluoroethylene (A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE) fibers with high activity, high stability, and easy regeneration were successfully fabricated by a simple method using low-cost raw materials. The characterization results showed that the annealed biomass carbon microspheres derived from waste Camellia oleifera shells were evenly distributed on the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers and the sulfonic groups can be successfully loaded on the surface of annealed biomass carbon microspheres by room temperature sulfonation. Subsequently, the as-prepared A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE fibers were applied to the acid-catalyzed synthesis of liquid biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural. The catalytic experiment results indicated that the annealing temperature and time during catalyst preparation have a significant effect on the activity and selectivity of A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE fibers. The results of catalytic reaction kinetics showed that the yield of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural can reach more than 60％after 72 h of acid-catalyzed reaction. The stability test showed that the as-prepared A-BCMSs-SO3H@PTFE fibers still maintained a stable acid catalytic activity after four recycles.     

Reforming of CO2-containing natural gas with steam in AC gliding arc discharge for hydrogen production

In this study, a low-temperature gliding arc discharge system was used to investigate the effects of steam content and operational parameters, i.e. total feed flow rate, applied voltage, and input frequency, on the reforming performance of CO₂-containing natural gas. The addition of steam less than 10% was found to enhance both selectivities for hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a significant reduction of power consumptions. The highest hydrogen selectivity and yield with the lowest power consumptions were achieved at a steam content of 10 mol%, a total feed flow rate of 100 cm³/min (corresponding to a very short residence time of 1.37 s), an applied voltage of 13.5 kV and an input frequency of 300 Hz. Under these optimum conditions, the oxidative dehydrogenation reactions to produce hydrogen were dominant with the minimum activities of all undesired reactions of cracking and coupling. Both of the short residence time (1.37 s) with a low bulk temperature (lower than 200°C) in the plasma zone under atmospheric pressure, indicate that the studied plasma reactor (gliding arc system) is superior to conventional catalytic reactors for reforming of natural gas.     

稀土催化剂在环保领域中的研究和应用

综述了稀土材料在催化剂中的作用机理,介绍了稀土催化剂在汽车尾气治理、烟气脱硫脱硝治理、室内空气净化、焦化污水处理以及其他领域的研究与应用进展,展望了稀土催化剂在环保产业中的发展前景。     

Plasma lipid profiles and risk of cardiovascular disease on occupational exposure in Karimnagar

Occupational exposure is unregulated in developing countries like India, and becoming the most common cause of disease of environmental origin. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of occupational exposure on plasma lipid profiles, and risk of cardiovascular diseases. A total of 79 human volunteers were included in the study. Control subjects were healthy housewives of Karimnagar, India. Occupationally exposed individuals included different occupational workers like petrol station attendants, battery chargers, drivers, welders, pesticide-exposed workers, painters, and auto mechanics. These subjects were shown to be chronic occupationally-exposed for at least three years, and neither associated with any other chronic pathological conditions like hypertension or diabetes, nor under any medication other than analgesics during the month preceding the study. Subjects with excessive high or low caloric intake were excluded from the study. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), VLDL cholesterol, LDL/HDL cholesterol, and TC/HDL ratio in these subjects were significantly higher than those in control subjects, whereas HDL cholesterol was not markedly affected. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and other anthropometric parameters (body mass index (BMI), body fat index (BFI), body surface area (BSA)) were not significantly different between groups. Data suggest that chronic occupational exposure increases plasma lipid levels and is thereby associated with cardiovascular complications.     

Catalytic decomposition of low level ozone with gold nanoparticles supported on activated carbon

Highly dispersed gold nanoparticles were supported on coal-based activated carbon (AC) by a sol immobilization method and were used to investigate their catalytic activity for low-level ozone decomposition at ambient temperature. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the catalysts before and after ozone decomposition. The results showed that the supported gold nanoparticles prepared with microwave heating were much smaller and more uniformly dispersed on the activated carbon than those prepared with traditional conduction heating, exhibiting higher catalytic activity for ozone decomposition. The pH values of gold precursor solution significantly influenced the catalytic activity of supported gold for ozone decomposition, and the best pH value was 8. In the case of space velocity of 120000h⁻¹, inlet ozone concentration of 50mg/m³, and relative humidity of 45%, the Au/AC catalyst maintained the ozone removal ratio at 90.7% after 2500min. After being used for ozone decomposition, the surface carbon of the catalyst was partly oxidized and the oxygen content increased accordingly, while its specific surface area and pore volume only decreased a little. Ozone was mainly catalytically decomposed by the gold nanoparticles supported on the activated carbon.