Treatment of electronic waste to recover metal values using thermal plasma coupled with acid leaching--a response surface modeling approach

The global crisis of the hazardous electronic waste (E-waste) is on the rise due to increasing usage and disposal of electronic devices. A process was developed to treat E-waste in an environmentally benign process. The process consisted of thermal plasma treatment followed by recovery of metal values through mineral acid leaching. In the thermal process, the E-waste was melted to recover the metal values as a metallic mixture. The metallic mixture was subjected to acid leaching in presence of depolarizer. The leached liquor mainly contained copper as the other elements like Al and Fe were mostly in alloy form as per the XRD and phase diagram studies. Response surface model was used to optimize the conditions for leaching. More than 90% leaching efficiency at room temperature was observed for Cu, Ni and Co with HCl as the solvent, whereas Fe and Al showed less than 40% efficiency.     

ATOMI射频氦等离子体原子发射光谱用于毛细管气相色谱检测(英文)

1　IntroductionInmodernanalyticalchemistry ,chromatographyandemissionspectroscopyandtheircombinedusearebecominganincreasinglyimportanttechniqueforthemeasurementofenvironmentalpollu tants.AtomicemissiondetectorusedinGCcanprovidehighlysensitiveandselectiver…     

电解氢氧化钠水溶液处理十二碳硫醇恶臭污水

采用电解NaOH水溶液配合活性炭催化氧化法来处理十二碳硫醇恶臭污水,并进行了初步的实验研究,取得了良好的效果。实验用的直流电解槽以石墨作为阳极,有效面积为30cm^2;不锈钢作为阴极,有效面积为9cm^2,并保持两极极板距离20mm。实验结果表明,在电流3A条件下电解质量分数为1％的NaOH水溶液,以活性炭作催化剂,反应温度为20℃,反应时间10～30s可以去除十二碳硫醇恶臭物质。处理后的污水无色无臭,可以直接排放。     

脉冲电晕法去除二甲苯废气的研究

对脉冲电晕等离子体技术净化有机污染物二甲苯进行了实验研究，考察了脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、气体流量、气体入口质量浓度等因素对净化效率的影响。结果表明：二甲苯去除率随脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率的增大而升高，随气体流量、气体进口质量浓度的增大而降低。该方法对低浓度、大流量的二甲苯废气能达到较好的去除效果，最高去除率可达87．4％。     

江西地域煤炭中重金属元素分布研究

通过微波消解、电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)分析了江西区域各煤矿煤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等7种金属元素的含量,该7种金属元素在0～5ppm的浓度区间具有良好的线性关系,其相关系数r≥0.9997;回收率为92.55%～114.27%,实验数据真实可靠,结果表明:江西地域煤炭中重金属含量分布较广,各地域煤炭中各金属元素的分布与当地环境有关。     

Raney Ni催化4-溴联苯加氢降解研究

以4-溴联苯为模型化合物,研究在H2作氢源、RaneyNi作催化剂条件下4-溴联苯的加氢脱溴反应,并调查了溶剂、碱及温度对加氢脱溴的影响,以及不同催化剂的催化效果.结果表明:相比贵金属催化剂(Ru/C、Pt/C、Pd/C),RaneyNi价廉且有较高的催化活性,具有实际应用价值;有机溶剂中添加适量的水可显著促进加氢脱溴反应,在乙醇/水(V/V)=85/15的溶液中,仅30min4-溴联苯就可100%脱溴;而在纯乙醇中,反应60min,尚有10%的4-溴联苯没有降解.另外,碱(NaOH)的加入可明显提高催化剂的活性,n(NaOH)∶n(HBr)=1.1∶1时,仅需30min4-溴联苯就完全被RaneyNi催化加氢降解;而n(NaOH)∶n(HBr)=2∶1时,反应60min,只有约93%的4-溴联苯发生了加氢降解,因此,碱的加入量以超过其化学反应剂量10%为宜.在温和条件(30～45℃、常压约101kPa)下,RaneyNi可催化4-溴联苯完全脱溴产生联苯,同时,联苯作为重要的化工产品可回收再利用.由此可见,多相催化加氢脱溴有望发展成为控制和消减多溴二苯醚等持久性卤代有机污染物的绿色降解技术.     

HPLC分离-氢化物发生-动态反应池-ICP/MS联用分析废水中砷形态

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分离水中不同的砷物种,将串联进入氢化物发生(HG)-动态反应池（DRC）-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HPLC-HG-ICP-DRC-MS)系统进行检测,由此建立了废水中砷形态的分析方法,并探讨了最佳测试条件,最后对宁波部分地区废水中砷形态分布规律进行了初步探讨.结果表明,以0.04 mol·L-1L半胱氨酸(L-cys)、0.132 mol·L-1NaBH4和体积分数2%的HCl作为氢化物发生器载液,以H2作为DRC-ICP-MS反应气,控制流速为1.5mL·min-1时,4种As物种都有最佳的氢化物发生效率,且其它金属离子对分析干扰可忽略不计,求得As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、单甲基砷（MMA）、双甲基砷（DMA）的检测下限（3倍噪音）分别为0.003、0.001、0.002、0.004 μg·L-1.此系统可成功测定废水中砷的形态.     

CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3粒子电极对垃圾渗滤液降解特性

研制了负载型CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3粒子电极,并与活性炭颗粒混合填充于主阴阳极之间,实现三维电催化氧化反应,采用XRD、SEM对粒子电极进行表征.结果表明, CuO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3粒子电极对垃圾渗滤液显示了良好的电催化活性和稳定性,在pH为7.0、槽电压10V、空气流速0.04m3·h-1反应条件下,150min后, COD、氨氮去除率达到87.8%、45.4%,去除效果较传统二维平板、三维复极性电解槽更高,经20次反复使用后仍具有一定催化活性.研究了电-多相催化氧化体系对垃圾渗滤液降解的动力学规律,表明渗滤液降解符合准一级反应动力学规律;并在此条件下,体系以直接氧化占优.     

Performance tests of newly developed adsorption/plasma combined system for decomposition of volatile organic compounds under continuous flow condition

The adsorption/plasma decomposition with the combination of adsorption honeycomb-sheets and a plasma element is a new technology for small-sized apparatuses to decompose volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at concentrations lower than about 100 ppm. The feasibility of the prototype adsorption/plasma decomposition apparatus was evaluated with the simulated exhausts containing one VOC component and with real exhausts from a painting booth and an adhesion factory. The apparatus decomposed VOCs e ectively at the painting booth exhaust but not always satisfactorily at the adhesion factory exhaust. The performance test results with real exhausts were discussed with respect to the concentration and discharge pattern of the exhausts and the basic properties of the system such as cooperation of adsorption and plasma reaction and the concentration dependence of the performance.     

动态反应池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大气降水中的钠、镁、钾、钙离子研究

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大气降水中的钠、镁、钾、钙离子,通过优化质谱仪工作参数和动态反应池参数等方式,提高检测方法灵敏度,降低质谱干扰,以获得更低的背景等值浓度与检出限,通过国家标准样品的分析与实际样品加标回收试验,证实了方法的线性、精密度、准确度等均符合测定要求,对比原子吸收光度法、离子色谱法具有多元素同时分析,速度快,空白低,干扰小,操作简单等优点,适合大批样品的分析.