介质阻挡放电降解流动态二甲基二硫废气

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术(Dielectric Barrier Discharge,DBD)处理常压下流动态气体中的有机硫恶臭气体二甲基二硫(Dimethyl Disulfide,DMDS).研究了不同停留时间、进气浓度及外施电压条件下DMDS的转化,推导了DBD处理DMDS的动力学模型,并根据傅立叶红外(FT-IR)产物分析探讨了反应机理.研究结果表明,DMDS降解产物主要为CO2、SO2和H2O.在停留时间0.067 s、外施电压7500 V、进气量8.4m3·h-1的条件下,进气浓度为80 mg·m-3 DMDS的降解率达到64.3%,体积降解比量为2.26×10-2L·s-1·W-1,绝对处理量达到430 mg·h-1.     

高压脉冲放电等离子体降解水中痕量硝基苯

采用高压脉冲等离子体技术处理水中痕量硝基苯,考察了脉冲电压峰值、电极间距、溶液初始pH值、氧气鼓入量和Fe2 添加量等因素对硝基苯去除率的影响.在脉冲电压峰值为35kV,电极间距为20mm,溶液初始pH值为10.2,氧气鼓入量为400ml·min-1,Fe2 添加量为30mg·l-1的实验条件下,水中硝基苯放电处理50min的去除率可达92.8%.     

脉冲电晕法去除甲苯废气的研究

对脉冲电晕等离子体技术净化有机污染物甲苯进行了实验研究,考察脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、气体流量、气体入口质量浓度等因素对净化效率的影响.结果表明:甲苯去除率随脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率增大而升高,随气体流量、气体进口质量浓度增大而降低;对低浓度、大流量的甲苯废气能达到较好的去除效果,最高去除率可达85.4%.     

透明Cl-TiO2水分散液的制备及其可见光降解甲苯和灭菌的性能

开发具有高稳定性和高可见光活性的光催化剂透明分散液对光催化材料的实际应用至关重要.本文采用非水解溶胶凝胶法制备了透明Cl掺杂TiO₂分散液(Cl-TiO₂).该分散液经过60 d仍能保持稳定,没有颗粒沉降.与商用P25、PEG400-TiO₂相比,Cl-TiO₂具有最优的可见光降解甲苯的光催化活性,并且具有良好的循环稳定性.Cl-TiO₂在可见光下同时具有优异的灭菌效果,对大肠杆菌的灭菌率达到98.75%.其优异的可见光响应性归因于Cl掺杂增强了对可见光的吸收,提高了电子空穴的分离效率.Cl-TiO₂水分散液良好的稳定性得益于表面带有的电荷以及较小的水合粒径.这项工作为光催化剂用于改善室内环境提供了新策略.     

Degradation of phenol in mists by a non-thermal plasma reactor

A link tooth wheel-cylinder non-thermal plasma reactor was set up to investigate the degradation of phenol in the mists. In addition, the decomposition efficiency of phenol, TOC removal, and byproduct formation were investigated. The stable discharge was achieved in both air and the mist condition. The decomposition efficiency and TOC removal increased with increasing the input power. For the input power of 3.6 W, the phenol decomposition and TOC removal reached 90% and 47%, respectively. Phenol degradation byproducts were identified as small molecular organic acids, including formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid. Their masses in the trapped solutions first increased and then decreased slightly with increasing the input power. Therefore, the biodegradation capacity of the phenol degradation byproducts can be improved.     

低温等离子体协同改性ACF净化甲醛的实验研究

实验采用浸渍法研制了负载纳米TiO₂及Cu/Pd金属离子的改性活性炭纤维（ACF）功能材料。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和表面孔隙度分析仪对材料的微观结构进行了表征。在自制的实验台上进行低温等离子体协同改性ACF净化甲醛的实验研究。研究结果表明：改性 ACF有利于甲醛净化,其中负载纳米TiO₂改性方案最佳;低温等离子协同TiO₂/ACF净化效果最好,其效率高达94%。     

生物酶催化技术应用于卡拉胶废水处理工程

卡拉胶废水成分复杂,含有难生化降解的有机污染物种类多,且浓度高,碱性大,含盐量高,按现有的处理工艺,很难达到排放标准。本文以福建省石狮市中科海藻制品发展有限公司卡拉胶废水处理工程为例,阐述了生物酶催化技术在卡拉胶废水处理中的应用。通过在生化系统建立酶体系,利用生物酶催化作用,提高废水中难降解有机物的可生化性与可处理性,从而使出水达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)规定的一级排放标准。     

Polymer coating of copper oxide nanoparticles increases nanoparticles uptake and toxicity in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are frequently used in a polymer-coated form, to be included in paints or fabrics for antimicrobial properties. Their application in antifouling paints may lead to the contamination of aquatic ecosystems. However, the toxicological risk of NPs in the environment is hard to evaluate due to a lack of knowledge on the mechanisms of NP interaction with biological systems. In this study, we investigated the effect of polymer coating on CuO NP toxicity in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by comparing bare and polymer-coated CuO NPs prepared from the same CuO nanopowder. Both CuO NP suspensions were toxic to C. reinhardtii after 6 h treatment to concentrations of 0.005-0.04 g L⁻¹. Bare and polymer-coated CuO NPs induced a decrease of Photosystem II activity and the formation of reactive oxygen species. Polymer-coated CuO NP was found to be more toxic than the uncoated CuO NP. The higher toxicity of CS-CuO NP was mainly associated with the increased capacity of polymer-coated CuO NP to penetrate the cell compared to bare CuO NPs. These results indicates that the high toxicity of polymer-coated CuO NPs in algal cells results of intracellular interactions between NPs and the cellular system.     

FeAlO_x/MMT催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水

以蒙脱土为载体制备负载型Fe/Al复合氧化物（FeAlOx/MMT）用于催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水。实验结果表明,活性相FeAlOx中Fe/Al摩尔比为0.22时制备所得催化剂对Fenton反应具有最佳活性,且Fe/Al复合氧化物并未嵌入蒙脱土层间。在低温和高pH条件下催化体系存在诱导期,诱导期内FeAlOx/MMT缓释出Fe离子并进而由Fe离子催化溶液中的Fenton反应。通过对非均相催化降解苯酚废水的动力学研究发现,H2O2初始浓度、溶液的pH和反应温度对COD降解效率具有显著影响。调节降解过程中的温度序列和氧化剂引入程序能够缓解高温和高双氧水浓度双重因素耦合导致的HO.自消耗。在优化的降解条件下使用理论用量的H2O2可使得1 g/L的苯酚废水中苯酚降解率达到100%,而COD的降解率则达到97%。     

FeAlOx/MMT催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水

以蒙脱土为载体制备负载型Fe/Al复合氧化物(FeAlOx/MMT)用于催化Fenton反应降解高浓度苯酚废水。实验结果表明,活性相FeAlOx中Fe/Al摩尔比为0.22时制备所得催化剂对Fenton反应具有最佳活性,且Fe/Al复合氧化物并未嵌入蒙脱土层间。在低温和高pH条件下催化体系存在诱导期,诱导期内FeAlOx/MMT缓释出Fe离子并进而由Fe离子催化溶液中的Fenton反应。通过对非均相催化降解苯酚废水的动力学研究发现,H2O2初始浓度、溶液的pH和反应温度对COD降解效率具有显著影响。调节降解过程中的温度序列和氧化剂引入程序能够缓解高温和高双氧水浓度双重因素耦合导致的HO.自消耗。在优化的降解条件下使用理论用量的H2O2可使得1 g/L的苯酚废水中苯酚降解率达到100%,而COD的降解率则达到97%。