基于DSP的PPT试验样机点火安全控制系统设计

脉冲等离子体推力器PPT(Pulsed Plasma Thruster)点火安全控制系统是PPT设计中的关键.为方便灵活地控制点火脉冲和工作频率,同时保证安全点火,采用直接有脉宽调制信号PWM(Pulse width Modulalion)输出口的数字信号处理器DSP(Digital Signal Processing)控制PPT的点火,完成了DSP辅助电路、和上位机通讯的串口电路、与PPT高压触发模块(脉冲功率装置)的接口电路以及PPT点火时序控制软件的设计.PPT工作时,点火安全控制系统接收由上位机卫星喷气姿态控制算法产生的点火时刻和点火次数命令,执行点火命令.试验表明,PPT点火安全控制系统能够控制PPT试验样机,使其准确按照时序在频率0～1.67Hz(波形分辨率最高为6.67ns)下可靠点火.     

Characteristics of gas-liquid pulsed discharge plasma reactor and dye decoloration efficiency

The pulsed high-voltage discharge is a new advanced oxidation technology for water treatment. Methyl Orange (MO) dye wastewater was chosen as the target object. Some investigations were conducted on MO decoloration including the discharge characteristics of the multi-needle reactor, parameter optimization, and the degradation mechanism. The following results were obtained. The color group of the azo dye MO was effectively decomposed by water surface plasma. The decoloration rate was promoted with the increase of treatment time, peak voltage, and pulse frequency. When the initial conductivity was 1700 μS/cm, the decoloration rate was the highest. The optimum distance between the needle electrodes and the water surface was 1 mm, the distance between the grounding electrode and the water surface was 28 mm, and the number of needle electrodes and spacing between needles were 24 and 7.5 mm, respectively. The decoloration rate of MO was affected by the gas in the reactor and varied in the order oxygen > air> argon > nitrogen, and the energy yield obtained in this investigation was 0.45 g/kWh.     

液相放电-电极催化对罗丹明B的脱色研究

放电系统中加入TiO2催化剂能更有效地利用等离子体中各种高能量而产生氧化性高的.OH。文章以Ti为阳极,在直流电压下产生弧光放电,研究了其作用于罗丹明B模拟的印染废水的脱色效率,得到最佳放电电压、电极没水深度、电解质Na2SO4浓度、初始pH、罗丹明B初始浓度值,脱色率>95%。通过与W、Al电极比较,发现Ti电极上形成的氧化膜能增强放电强度,且有催化作用,不同电压下脱色反应速率系数提高23.7%~149%。结果表明,Ti阳极上形成了液相放电-电极催化自然集成的体系,在废水处理中是有发展前景的技术。     

低温等离子体烟气脱硫脱硝技术的研究进展

低温等离子体烟气处理技术具有工艺简单、可同时去除多种污染物、占地面积小等优点,是目前烟气处理技术的研究热点之一。主要介绍了研究规模最大的3种低温等离子体烟气处理技术（电子束、脉冲等离子体、直流电晕等离子体）的发展历程和现状,分析了其优点及存在的问题,并简要讨论了其发展方向。     

Characteristics of emissive spectrum and the removal of nitric oxide in N2/O2/NO plasma with argon additive

Although the approach using non-thermal plasma (NTP) for deNOx has been studied for over 15 years, how to achieve higher removal e ciency with lower cost is still a barrier for its industrial application. In order to investigate the impact of the argon additive on electron density, energy and nitric oxide reduction process in plasma, the spectrum of the dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure in a coaxial reactor was measured using the monochromater with high resolution. The comparative experiments for NO reduction were carried out simultaneously in N2/O2/NO plasma stream with and without argon, respectively. The nitrogen molecular spectrum which is attributed to the energy level transition (C3 u ! B3 g) was compared in the wavelength range 300–480 nm and the electron density and temperature were determined based on the relative intensities and Stark broadening width of spectral lines. The spectrum results indicated that the argon additive could enhance the intensity of emissive spectrum of plasma, thus the electron concentration as well as the energy was increased, and finally prompted the ionization rate to produce active N, O and O3. The results of NO reduction showed that NO conversion e ciency increased in the range of 10%–30% with 5% addition of argon in stream comparing with the condition without argon additive. This study will play a positive role in the industrial application of dielectric barrier discharge deNOx reactor.     

阻抑催化动力学光度法测定水体中的痕量镍

研究了在pH9.2硼砂介质中,镍(II)对过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应具有阻抑作用,聚乙二醇-200(PEG-200)对此反应体系有活化作用,据此建立了阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量镍(II)的新方法。试验考察了反应介质种类和用量、活化剂种类和用量、反应温度、反应时间、共存组分等因素的影响,确定了最佳试验条件。该方法的测定波长为590nm;活化剂为PEG-200;反应温度为沸水浴;反应时间为14min;线性范围为1.7×10-6g/L～1.4×10-4g/L;检出限为1.7×10-6g/L。所建方法用于环境水体中痕量镍(II)的测定,最大相对标准偏差为3.27%,加标回收率为95.5%～104.5%;所建方法与火焰原子吸收光谱法进行了对比试验,方法相对误差小于6.50%。     

Pt负载的铈锆固溶体的催化性能与表征

用柠檬酸法制备了CexZr1-xO(2x=0.5～1.0)铈锆固溶体,用浸渍法分别在铈锆固溶体上负载0.5%的Pt。用热重法(TG)测试了催化剂对碳烟的催化活性,Pt/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2显示了最高的催化活性。采用比表面(BET),X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和红外仪(FTIR)对催化剂进行了测试。结果表明:催化剂催化燃烧碳烟的活性与催化剂比表面积大小有关,可能是由于Pt在比表面积大的固溶体表面分散得更好,有利于氧溢出,促进碳烟的燃烧。     

滑动弧等离子体降解印染废水的影响研究

在电压为10kV,载气为O2,气体流速为0.4m3/h,废水流量为20mL/min,电极为不锈钢材料,电极间最窄距离处为3.5mm的条件下,采用气液滑动弧等离子体降解印染废水。结果表明:印染废水pH值为偏碱性和碱性时,CO32-分别主要以HCO3-、CO32-的形式存在,使COD的去除率降低,20min后,其值分别为76.42%和64.36%;pH值呈强酸性时,CO32-主要以H2CO3和CO2的形式存在,对COD的去除率不产生影响,20min后,其值达到92%。印染废水pH值为偏碱性和碱性时,HCO3-和CO32-的存在消耗了等离子体放电产生的羟基自由基。pH=3时,研究了印染废水的COD和TOC的降解动力学,降解符合一级动力学规律,其速率方程分别为ln(COD0/COD)=0.13090t,ln(TOC0/TOC)=0.06395t。印染废水的紫外光谱和红外光谱表明,废水中的发色基团被破坏,溶液脱色,吸收峰降低或消失表明废水中芳香环降解。     

吸附-电催化氧化降解非水溶性有机废气

在水溶液电解质中,以活性炭纤维(ACF)为电极,采用微孔曝气方式,吸附-电催化氧化两步联动降解非水溶性气态VOCs。以苯为研究对象,正交实验和单因素分析实验结合,正交实验确立最佳实验条件为:鼓气速率80L/h、苯/乙醇(体积)=30/150、电压10V、电解质浓度2g/L;最佳实验条件下,气相中苯的去除率为93.3%。单因素分析实验考虑了鼓气速率、苯浓度、电解电压、电解质浓度等因素的变化对去除率的影响。     

烧结金属催化材料净化印刷工艺中VOCs废气的试验研究

采用以烧结金属粉末微孔过滤材料为吸附材料和催化剂基体、CuMn／γ-Al2O3为催化剂的烧结金属催化净化装置,可实现对VOCs废气的有效去除。实验室试验表明：苯、甲苯和二甲苯的催化转化率均随温度的升高而增加。在250℃以上,甲苯和二甲苯的催化转化率高于99％;在280℃以上,苯的催化转化率高于99％。空速为2．0s^-1时催化荆的催化转化率要较空速为3．0s^-1时高。现场试验表明：在300℃左右,VOCs气体经过由烧结金属催化材料刺成的金属过滤器后,苯、甲苯、二甲苯的去除率均高于99％。经金属过滤器处理后,苯、甲苯、二甲苯的排放浓度可低于北京市《大气污染物综合排放标准》DB11／501—2007中的排放限值排放。