在烷基聚葡糖苷W/O微乳液中Novozym 435脂肪酶催化酯合成反应动力学的研究

研究了Novozym435脂肪酶在烷基聚葡糖苷形成的W／O微乳液体系中,催化正丁醇与正己酸合成酯的反应动力学．反应初始速率V0与正丁醇（ROH）和正己酸（HA）摩尔浓度的比值（CROH^0／CHA^0）有关,在CROH^0／CHA^0=0．2-17范围内,随CROH^0／CHA^0比值减小,初始速率V0增大,尤其是当CROH^0／CHA^0〈3时,V0迅速增大．其原因可能是醇浓度较高时,醇与酶结合形成的死端复合物在较高浓度酸的作用下分解,重新析出游离态酶所致．脂肪酶加入量、水相介质组成和醇的种类等对反应速率有重要影响．     

低温等离子体法处理甲醛气体

报道用低温等离子体的方法去除甲醛气体,主要考察了电场强度、进口浓度及填料对于甲醛气体去除效率的影响。实验研究结果表明,随着电场强度的增加,进口浓度的降低和在反应器中加有填料都会提高甲醛气体的去除效率。低温等离子体方法去除甲醛气体的机理可分为2部分:电子与污染物分子的直接碰撞和电场产生的活性粒子与污染物分子之间发生的一系列化学反应。     

低温等离子体法去除苯和甲苯废气性能研究

对低温等离子体法去除苯和甲苯废气的性能进行了探讨,在理论分析的基础上进行实验研究。低温等离子体法去除苯和甲苯的机理是放电反应产生的高能电子与苯和甲苯分子发生非弹性碰撞并将能量全部或部分传递给目标分子,使其裂解、激化。被裂解、激化的分子与臭氧、活性基团发生一系列物理、化学反应后生成二氧化碳、一氧化碳和水。实验结果表明,苯和甲苯的去除率随着电场强度的增强而增大,随着气体流速的增大而减小。在较高电场强度下,有钛酸钡填料的反应器比无填料的反应器对苯和甲苯的去除率高得多,苯最高去除率可达92 6%,甲苯可达到96 8%。相同条件下甲苯比苯更容易去除。     

低温等离子体降解哈隆类物质中的竞争反应

利用低温等离子体技术对哈隆类物质 CF₂ClBr和 CF₃Br进行了降解反应研究 ,发现无氧条件下某些降解产物的量随放电时间不同而出现波动 ,表明降解过程中存在竞争反应 ;而氧气过量条件下不存在竞争反应 ,其主要产物为 CF₂O等 .对低气压下 CF₂ClBr和 CF₃Br在低温等离子体空间中的气相反应机理进行讨论 ,为实现低温等离子体降解污染物提供了理论依据 .     

Concentrations of chlorine, bromine and iodine in Japanese rivers

Concentrations of halogens (Cl, Br and I) in 30 Japanese rivers were measured by ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to understand their behavior in the terrestrial environment. Concentrations of Cl, Br and I in each river, obtained at 10 sampling points from the upper stream to the river mouth, tended to increase near the river mouth. The ranges of geometric means of Cl, Br and I in each river were 1.0–19.4 mg l⁻¹, 2.5–67.9 μg l⁻¹, and 0.18–8.34 μg l⁻¹, respectively. To compare halogen behavior, the concentration ratios, Br/Cl and I/Cl, were calculated. The Br/Cl range was (2.3–7.8) × 10⁻³ (geometric mean: 3.74 × 10⁻³), and it was nearly constant except for the Yoneshiro river. It was estimated that 60–80% of total Br in the middle to lower parts of this river was the excess Br. The Br chemical form in all the rivers is generally considered to be Br⁻. The I/Cl ratios had different trends in rivers flowing into the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean, possibly due to the different geological features in the river catchments.     

等离子在卷烟厂除异味系统中的应用研究

卷烟厂中存在很多醛,酮有害气体,会大大降低工作环境的质量。针对此问题,提出了在高压直流上叠加高频电压交流脉冲的基础上调节可变电容改变电路阻抗的方法改进等离子体除异味装置。在高频高压脉冲电源下,利用可变电容与交直流叠加技术,产生高频高压快速上升沿的交流脉冲,改变负载回路上的阻抗,比较品质因数不同情况下产生的等离子,满足产生更佳低温等离子体的需求。经仿真实验结果和烟厂异味气体的成分分析表明,利用该方法可以达到除异味的理想效果,使工作环境得到更大更好的改善。     

Evaluation of 3-hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after waterborne exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene

3-Hydroxy-benzo[a]pyrene (3-OH-BaP), a toxic compound with the ability to covalently bind with the macromolecules (proteins and DNA), is one of the major phenolic metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of 3-OH-BaP in the bile and plasma of Nile tilapia by HPLC with fluorescence detection, after waterborne exposure to BaP (10 and 100?µg?L^?1). Metabolites were detected in bile and plasma, and conjugates of 3-OH-BaP (glucuronide and/or sulphate conjugates) were the majority forms in both biological fluids, glucuronide 3-OH-BaP being the main metabolite in bile. Our data suggest that extrahepatic tissues as intestine or gill are important in BaP metabolism and need to be the considered sources of metabolites released into the blood. Although, low levels of 3-OH-BaP in toxic form (free form) were detected in plasma, one cannot exclude the possibility of circulating the levels leading to adverse effects.     

Protective effects of honey against cadmium-induced alteration of some biochemical parameters in rats

The objective of this study is to elucidate on the effect of honey on plasma and organ biochemical parameters of albino rats exposed to acute and sub-chronic dose of cadmium chloride. Uric acid levels, activities of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, organ (liver, lungs, and kidney) AST, ALT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were determined. Plasma uric acid and glucose levels, plasma LDH, AST, and ALT activities were significantly decreased; activities of organ SOD, CAT, AST, and ALT activities were increased in rats administered sub-chronically and acutely with cadmium (Cd). Treatment with honey restored their levels to normal.     

浊点萃取技术在环境样品痕量元素分析中的应用研究进展

浊点萃取法是近年来发展起来的一种绿色环保的样品前处理技术.本文详细介绍了浊点萃取方法的原理,对国内外近5年来(2008年—至今)利用浊点萃取与几种常见的原子光谱分析仪器以及与电感耦合等离子体质谱仪联用技术,在环境样品中痕量元素分离和富集以及形态分析中的应用研究进展进行了评述.同时对浊点萃取技术目前的最新发展方向、尚存在的问题以及发展前景进行了逐一探讨.     

挥发性有机物处理新技术的研究

随着VOCs处理要求的不断提高,新型的VOCs处理技术日益受到关注。详细分析了生物法、光催化氧化法以及等离子体催化氧化法VOCs处理新技术的研究进展。高效微生物的筛选、新型生物填充材料的研究使生物法VOCs处理更加实用;光催化剂的表面改性有助于防止催化剂钝化,保证光催化系统的长期稳定运行;等离子体催化氧化VOCs过程中能耗的降低以及副产物的控制将是下一步研究的重点。