分流进样-GC-NCI-MS测定土壤样品中高溴代联苯醚

采用分流进样模式,以GC-NCI-MS法测定土壤样品中7种高溴代联苯醚,对比了分流、不分流2种进样模式下的灵敏度、峰形、回收率、检出限。结果表明,在分流进样模式下,高溴代联苯醚在进样口的热分解率大大降低,色谱峰形尖锐无拖尾,测定结果线性范围宽,7种高溴代联苯醚的基质加标回收率为83.25%~94.71%,RSD为2.91%~7.37%,检出限为0.26~2.71 ng/g,与不分流进样模式相比,该方法灵敏度、检出限更高,适用于环境样品中高溴代联苯醚的检测分析。     

网络攻击检测中的机器学习方法综述

在详细介绍网络攻击检测机器学习原理的基础上,对现有的各种方法进行了评述,并结合网络攻击检测系统的应用需求,阐述了网络攻击检测系统机器学习技术的发展方向。     

在线液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定生活饮用水中卤代乙腈

优化建立了在线液液萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水中7种卤代乙腈的方法。通过多功能在线进样装置,研究设计了在线液液萃取的技术流程,优化了液液萃取关键参数,并建立了气相色谱-质谱检测方法。该方法对氯乙腈、二氯乙腈、三氯乙腈、溴乙腈、二溴乙腈、溴氯乙腈和碘乙腈等7种卤代乙腈都有较好的检测灵敏度,方法检测限为0.1~0.8 μg/L,纯水中高浓度加标回收率为72.0%~91.4%,精密度为1.8%~3.9%。经技术对比和应用验证,该方法具有高效灵敏、简便快速等特点,样品检测无干扰,自动化程度高,适用于饮用水中卤代乙腈类消毒副产物的检测。     

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern

The monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has focused on the distribution in rivers and small lakes, but data regarding their occurrence and effects in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, are sparse. Wastewater treatment processes have not been optimized to remove influent PPCPs and are a major source of PPCPs in the environment. Furthermore, PPCPs are not currently regulated in wastewater effluent. In this experiment we evaluated the concentration, and corresponding risk, of PPCPs from a wastewater effluent source at varying distances in Lake Michigan. Fifty-four PPCPs and hormones were assessed on six different dates over a two-year period from surface water and sediment samples up to 3.2 km from a wastewater treatment plant and at two sites within a harbor. Thirty-two PPCPs were detected in Lake Michigan and 30 were detected in the sediment, with numerous PPCPs being detected up to 3.2 km away from the shoreline. The most frequently detected PPCPs in Lake Michigan were metformin, caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and triclosan. To determine the ecological risk, the maximum measured environmental concentrations were compared to the predicted no-effect concentration and 14 PPCPs were found to be of medium or high ecological risk. The environmental risk of PPCPs in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, has been questioned due to high dilution; however, the concentrations found in this study, and their corresponding risk quotient, indicate a significant threat by PPCPs to the health of the Great Lakes, particularly near shore organisms.     

A method for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticide residues in Mexican axolotl

A method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) was developed for quantitative extraction of three organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) from the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. The determination was carried out using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array spectrophotometric UV detection (DAD). The MSPD extraction with octadecylsilyl (C18) sorbent combined with a silica gel clean-up and acetonitrile elution was optimised for chlorpyrifos, fenthion and methyl parathion. The method was validated, yielding recovery values higher than 90%. The precision, expressed as the relative standard deviation (RSD), was less than or equal to 6% in muscle samples at spiking levels of 10 and 5 ppm. Linearity was studied from 15 to 60 ppm for chlorpyrifos and fenthion, and from 7.5 to 30 ppm for methyl parathion. The limits of detection (LODs) were found to be less than or equal to 0.5 ppm_.This method was applied to the analysis of samples from a chlorpyrifos-exposed axolotl, demonstrating its use as an analytical tool for toxicological studies.     

在用机动车尾气排放检测简易瞬态工况法监管策略

针对简易瞬态工况法机动车尾气排放检测过程中层出不穷的违规检测现象,为对其检测过程实施有效监管,通过分析简易瞬态工况法的检测原理,筛选出可用于监管的车辆基准质量、(CO+CO2)浓度、O2浓度、实时检测尾气流量4个参数,分析其用于监管的原理和理由,并通过五气分析仪漏气实验和实测尾气流量异常案例验证其监管可行性,以期为监管...     

虚拟仪器在机械振动试验台检测中的应用

本文介绍了基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器的机械式振动试验台检测系统的构成,工作流程和LabVIEW在其中的应用,以此展示虚拟仪器技术使得现代检测系统变得更加简单、方便、有效。     

Detecting deforestation with a spectral change detection approach using multitemporal Landsat data: a case study of Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia

Tropical deforestation is occurring at an alarming rate, threatening the ecological integrity of protected areas. This makes it vital to regularly assess protected areas to confirm the efficacy of measures that protect that area from clearing. Satellite remote sensing offers a systematic and objective means for detecting and monitoring deforestation. This paper examines a spectral change approach to detect deforestation using pattern decomposition (PD) coefficients from multitemporal Landsat data. Our results show that the PD coefficients for soil and vegetation can be used to detect deforestation using change vector analysis (CVA). CVA analysis demonstrates that deforestation in the Kinabalu area, Sabah, Malaysia has significantly slowed from 1.2% in period 1 (1973 and 1991) to 0.1% in period 2 (1991 and 1996). A comparison of deforestation both inside and outside Kinabalu Park has highlighted the effectiveness of the park in protecting the tropical forest against clearing. However, the park is still facing pressure from the area immediately surrounding the park (the 1km buffer zone) where the deforestation rate has remained unchanged.     

微环境温湿度检测装置的研制

目的研制一种包装容器微环境温湿度测试和记录装置,实现对包装容器微环境温度和湿度试验数据的检测。方法基于RS485通讯接口的微环境数据采集与记录装置,将装置分为硬件和软件两个部分,硬件主要包含人机界面、存储器、传感器、RS485Hub和电源五个部分,软件包括数据采集与处理程序和可视化界面两个部分,从而实现对微环境温湿度试验数据的检测和记录。结果利用研制的装置对贮存环境下包装容器样品微环境温湿度进行了一段时间的测试,将测试结果与计量合格的温湿度计的所测结果进行了对比分析。结论研制微环境温湿度测试和记录装置性能稳定,尺寸较小,携带方便,能同时测量32组试验样品的微环境温湿度,具有较高的测量精度和广阔的应用范围。