全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1024篇 |
免费 | 108篇 |
国内免费 | 209篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 214篇 |
废物处理 | 14篇 |
环保管理 | 200篇 |
综合类 | 491篇 |
基础理论 | 144篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 42篇 |
评价与监测 | 78篇 |
社会与环境 | 86篇 |
灾害及防治 | 71篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 40篇 |
2022年 | 45篇 |
2021年 | 58篇 |
2020年 | 53篇 |
2019年 | 66篇 |
2018年 | 46篇 |
2017年 | 62篇 |
2016年 | 66篇 |
2015年 | 59篇 |
2014年 | 36篇 |
2013年 | 56篇 |
2012年 | 76篇 |
2011年 | 75篇 |
2010年 | 51篇 |
2009年 | 74篇 |
2008年 | 48篇 |
2007年 | 57篇 |
2006年 | 56篇 |
2005年 | 53篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 36篇 |
2002年 | 26篇 |
2001年 | 25篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1341条查询结果,搜索用时 328 毫秒
111.
基于佛山市2.7万条稳态加载模拟工况法(ASM)的尾气排放检测数据,在分析了总体排放劣化特征随行驶里程呈规律性变化的基础上,通过分类统计和回归分析方法研究了在用轻型汽油车的排放劣化增长模型及不同排放标准机动车的排放特征.分析结果表明,线性增长模型能很好地表现CO,HC,NO三种污染物随行驶里程的劣化规律;不同排放标准的轻型汽油车排放特征差异很大,国零、Ⅰ、Ⅱ排放水平很高,对总体排放影响较大.研究结论对于预测机动车污染变化趋势,完善在用车检查/维护制度等方面可以提供理论支持. 相似文献
112.
(过冷)液体蒸气压(PL)是评价化学品在环境中分配、迁移和归趋行为的重要参数。PL具有较强的温度依附性。发展一种能够精确预测不同环境温度下化学品PL的方法,有助于填补化学品生态风险评估的大量数据缺失。本研究收集整理了661种有机化合物在不同温度下(200~830 K)共计10 478个log PL值。在此基础上,采用偏最小二乘(PLS)回归和支持向量机(SVM)方法,构建了PL的线性和非线性预测模型。结果表明:2种模型均具有良好的拟合度、稳健性及预测能力,SVM模型的预测性能略高于PLS模型(PLS:R2adj.tra=0.912,RMSEtra=0.477,Q2ext=0.910;SVM:R2adj.tra=0.997,RMSEtra=0.092,Q2ext=0.967)。机理分析表明,温度是影响PL的主要因素,温度越高,蒸气压越大;其次,X1sol也影响PL大小,X1sol用来描述分子间的色散作用,分子间色散力越小,蒸气压越大;此外,化合物的氢键个数、极性和分子构型等因素也影响PL大小。采用Wiliams plot方法表征了PLS模型应用域。所建立的模型可用来预测烷烃、烯烃、醇、酮、羧酸、苯、酚、联苯、卤代芳香烃、含N化合物及含S化合物在不同温度下的PL数据。 相似文献
113.
利用SPOT VEGETATION数据获取的归一化植被指数(NDVI),分析三江源地区植被覆盖度(FVC)的空间异质性,围绕自然和人类活动因素,基于因子回归与交互作用联合探索自然因素和人为因素对三江源地区植被覆盖的影响.结果表明:(1)三江源地区植被覆盖度整体呈现明显的空间异质性;(2)总体上FVC空间分布的影响因素表现为自然环境因素>人类活动因素;(3)降水是影响三江源地区FVC的主要驱动因子,解释力达0.777;(4)因子交互发现:驱动解释系统呈现双因子增强,说明从系统的角度来看不存在独立起作用的因子,年降水量与其他因子的交互作用最强;(5)降水梯度影响了三江源地区FVC空间异质性的解释程度.随着降水增加,因子解释力趋稳,在降水量较多的三江源东部地区,FVC趋向于更易受高程和气温的影响;(6)数据结果亦验证了因子独立的全局最优筛选仅仅是模拟因变量特征的最优函数,其解释效果与因变量的驱动解释不能完全等同. 相似文献
114.
目的 解决某弹用弹簧可靠性评估中存在的不确定性问题。方法 对某弹用弹簧进行加速退化试验,试验过程中发现其具有多个性能退化参数,并且其退化过程具有非线性、随机性及样本差异性的特征。为了对其退化过程进行数学表征,提出一种基于多元随机效应Wiener过程的退化模型。采用基于时间尺度变换的非线性Wiener过程,描述弹簧退化过程中的非线性与随机性。基于随机效应模型,对样本的差异性进行表征,利用Copula函数描述多元性能参数之间的相互作用关系。最后推导弹簧失效寿命的概率密度函数、可靠度函数。结果 在贮存条件为25 ℃、可靠度为0.9时,基于构建的多元随机效应Wiener过程模型,当考虑性能间的相关性时,得到某弹用弹簧的贮存寿命为12 a;不考虑性能间的相关性时,得到其贮存寿命为11.5 a。结论 构建的多元随机退化模型为该弹药健康状态管理提供了相应的理论依据。 相似文献
115.
土壤有机碳作为最大陆地碳库,其空间分布特征和影响因素对于全球碳循环过程具有重要影响.基于土壤有机碳密度数据,结合环境因子,使用多尺度地理加权回归(MGWR)模型预测了黄河流域土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)和影响因素.结果表明:①黄河流域0~20 cm和0~100 cm的SOCD范围分别为0~14.82 kg ·m-2和0~32.39kg ·m-2,均值分别为3.48 kg ·m-2和8.07kg ·m-2,储量则分别为2.76 Pg和6.48 Pg;②各生态系统类型中,0~20 cm的SOCD从大到小依次为:森林>水体与湿地>其他>草地>农田>聚落>荒漠,0~100 cm的SOCD从大到小依次为:水体与湿地>森林>其他>草地>农田>聚落>荒漠,SOCR从大到小皆为:草地>农田>森林>荒漠>水体与湿地>聚落>其他;③黄河流域SOCD的分布主要受常数项、剖面曲率、NDVI和降水的影响,曲率和粉砂对深层的SOCD的分布也具有重要影响;此外,降水、NDVI和常数项(除森林外)是影响各生态系统的主要因素,曲率和粉砂则仅对荒漠和其他生态系统具有重要影响.研究结果得出了黄河流域SOCD的空间分布和影响因素,可为黄河流域碳平衡、土壤质量评价和生态治理恢复与巩固提升提供科学依据. 相似文献
116.
Yan Jiang Jane R. Frankenberger Yinghui Sui Laura C. Bowling 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(6):1501-1514
Subsurface tile‐drained agricultural fields are known to be important contributors to nitrate in surface water in the Midwest, but the effect of these fields on nitrate at the watershed scale is difficult to quantify. Data for 25 watersheds monitored by the Indiana Department of Environmental Management and located near a U.S. Geological Survey stream gage were used to investigate the relationship between flow‐weighted mean concentration (FWMC) of nitrate‐N and the subsurface tile‐drained area (DA) of the watershed. The tile DA was estimated from soil drainage class, land use, and slope. Nitrate loads from point sources were estimated based on reported flows of major permitted facilities with mean nitrate‐N concentrations from published sources. Linear regression models exhibited a statistically significant relationship between annual/monthly nonpoint source (NPS) nitrate‐N and DA percentage. The annual model explained 71% of the variation in FWMC of nitrate‐N. The annual and monthly models were tested in 10 additional watersheds, most with absolute errors within 1 mg/l in the predicted FWMC. These models can be used to estimate NPS nitrate for unmonitored watersheds in similar areas, especially for drained agricultural areas where model performance was strongest, and to predict the nitrate reduction when various tile drainage management techniques are employed. 相似文献
117.
SUMMARY This study explores differences among organic farmers who live in islands and have isolated small-size operations. The relationships between farmers' characteristics and attitudes and farm management were interpreted by studying how they manage their land, their attitudes towards the environment and alternative farming systems, and their involvement in organic farming. The research was carried out using questionnaires addressed to organic farmers on the island of Thassos. Nonlinear canonical correlation was applied for data analysis. This information could contribute to adjustment of policy decisions for on-farm diversification. Agricultural policy makers should approach organic farmers in northern Thassos (productive irrigated olive orchards with gentle slopes) by enacting standards to reduce the cost of alternative plant protection methods and promoting their products in order to maintain and expand organic farming. They should also approach organic farmers in southern Thassos (less productive, dry cultivated olive orchards with steep slopes, overgrazed and often abandoned) by providing them with the necessary information and appropriate agricultural know-how to effectively manage their farms. Organic farmers with stable off-farm income are more aware of environmental values and consider that they risk less than others in order to gain the benefits of alternative farming systems. However, they should attend training programmes to achieve economic success to allow them to continue farming organically. 相似文献
118.
《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(4):329-342
In this paper, we are dealing with two extreme events in temperature and population – heat wave and mortality. Our aim is to assess the relation between high temperatures and daily mortality counts during the summer months in the period 2000–2010 in Belgrade (Serbia). In order to establish this connection, we used Poisson regression and two different measures of heat wave: Warm Spell Duration Index (WSDI) and apparent temperature (T app). As mean daily temperature increases over 90th, 95th and 99th percentiles, average number of deaths increases for 15.3% (p?<?.01), 22.4% (p?<?.05) and 32.0% (insignificant for p?<?.1). We tested three different thresholds (90th, 95th, 99th) for WSDI and T app in order to separate the hottest heat-wave episodes. On average, mortality is higher than expected for 13.4%, 16.7% and 28.3% (90th, 95th and 99th percentiles for WSDI) and 16.1%, 17.3% and 32.5% (90th, 95th and 99th percentiles for T app). Estimated mortality excess with heat-wave indices is in accordance with regression output, meaning that WSDI and T app are good tools for heat-wave identification. During the most severe episode in July 2007, absolute temperature maximum (43.6°C) and daily maximum mortality counts (94 dead) were recorded in the same day (24 July 2007). 相似文献
119.
120.
Jingjing Zhang Lei Tong Chenghui Peng Huiling Zhang Zhongwen Huang Jun He Hang Xiao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(3):372-382
Simultaneous and continuous measurements of visibility, meteorological parameters and air pollutants were carried out at a suburban site in Ningbo from June 1, 2013 to May 31,2015. The characteristics of visibility and their relationships with air pollutants and meteorological factors were investigated using multiple statistical methods. Daily visibility ranged from 0.6 to 34.1 km, with a mean value of 11.8 km. During the 2-year experiment,43.4% of daily visibility was found to be less than 10.0 km and only 9.2% was greater than 20.0 km. Visibility was lower in winter with a frequency of 53.4% in the range of 0.0–5.0 km.Annual visibility had an obvious diurnal variation, with the lowest and highest visibility being 7.5 km at approximately 06:00 local time and 15.6 km at approximately 14:00 local time, respectively. Multiple correspondence analysis(MCA) indicated that the different ranges of visibility were significantly affected by different levels of pollutants and meteorological conditions. Based on the analyses, visibility was found to be an exponential function of PM_(2.5) concentrations within a certain range of relative humidity. Thus, nonlinear models combining multiple linear regressions with exponential regression were subsequently developed using the data collected from June 2014 to May 2015, and the data from June 2013 to May 2014 was used to evaluate the performance of the model. It was demonstrated that the derived models can quantitatively describe the relationships between visibility, air quality and meteorological parameters in Ningbo. 相似文献