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221.
Lakes caused by coal mining processes are characterized by low pH, low nutrient status, and high concentrations of Fe(II) and sulfate due to the oxidation of pyrite in the surrounding mine tailings. Fe(III) produced during Fe(II) oxidation precipitates to the anoxic acidic sediment, where the microbial reduction of Fe(III) is the dominant electron-accepting process for the oxidation of organic matter, apparently mediated by acidophilic Acidiphilium species. Those bacteria can reduce a great variety of Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides and reduce Fe(III) and oxygen simultaneously which might be due to the small differences in the redox potentials under low pH conditions. Due to the absence of sulfide, Fe(II) formed in the upper 6 cm of the sediment diffuses to oxic zones in the water layer where itcan be reoxidized by Acidithiobacillus species. Thus, acidic conditions are stabilized by the cycling of iron which inhibits fermentative and sulfate-reducing activities. With increasing sediment depth, the amount of reactive iron decrease, the pH increases above 5, and fermentative and as yet unknown Fe(III)-reducing bacteria are also involved in the reduction of Fe(III). Sulfate is reduced apparently by the activity of spore-forming sulfate reducers including new species of Desulfosporosinus that have their pH optimum similar to in situconditions and are not capable of growth at pH 7. However, generation of alkalinity via sulfate reduction is reduced by the anaerobic reoxidation of sulfide back to sulfate. Thus, the microbial cycling of iron at the oxic-anoxic interface and the anaerobic cycling of sulfur maintains environmental conditions appropriate for acidophilic Fe(III)-reducing and acid-tolerant sulfate-reducing microbial communities. 相似文献
222.
Research on biodegradable materials has been stimulated due to concern regarding the persistence of plastic wastes. Blending starch with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most promising efforts because starch is an abundant and cheap biopolymer and PLA is biodegradable with good mechanical properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) contains unhydrolytic residual groups of poly(vinyl acetate) and also has good compatibility with starch. It was added to a starch and PLA blend (50:50, w/w) to enhance compatibility and improve mechanical properties. PVOH (MW 6,000) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% (by weight) based on the total weight of starch and PLA, and 30% PVOH at various molecular weights (MW 6,000, 25,000, 78,000, and 125,000 dalton) were added to starch/PLA blends. PVOH interacted with starch. At proportions greater than 30%, PVOH form a continuous phase with starch. Tensile strength of the starch/PLA blends increased as PVOH concentration increased up to 40% and decreased as PVOH molecular weight increased. The increasing molecular weight of PVOH slightly affected water absorption, but increasing PVOH concentration to 40% or 50% increased water absorption. Effects of moisture content on the starch/PLA/PVOH blend also were explored. The blend containing gelatinized starch had higher tensile strength. However, gelatinized starch also resulted in increased water absorption. 相似文献
223.
224.
环境医学:人类生存发展战略的大课题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章用大量翔实数据,分析论证:人类由于淡化环境意识,坚持急功近利的片面发展观,造成整个地球环境质量正在全面下降和恶化,全球已有1/5的人口受到环境污染之害的基点上,作者提出了只有跳出以自我生存为中心的狭隘圈,确立发展环境医学为主体的预防医学战略,并提示要遵循中国古代强调的“天人合一”论概念和钱学森提出的“开放的巨系统方法论”在当代科技领域进行“天地生人巨系统的综合集成研究”,树立“天地与我并生,万物与我同运”的自然生态观,为创建“生物心理社会自然”为模式的全科新医学,这是实现21世纪“人类健康工程”的开拓性目标。 相似文献
225.
根据扁矩形消声通道二维消声理论替代一维理论导出的消声系数Φ(α),研究了障板消声结构的Φ(α)计算机程序和消声量与障板几何尺寸的关系 相似文献
226.
Fed-batch cultures of recombinantEscherichia coli strains were carried out for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) in a chemically defined medium. TheE. coli strains used were XL1-Blue, harboring pSYL105, a stable high-copy number plasmid containing theAlcaligenes eutrophus polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) genes, and XL1-Blue, harboring pSYL107, which is pSYL105 containing theE. coli ftsZ gene to suppress filamentation. With XL1-Blue(pSYL105) the final cell mass and PHB concentration obtained in 62 h were 102 and 22.5 g/L, respectively. Fed-batch culture of XL1-Blue(pSYL107) under identical conditions resulted in a final cell mass and PHB concentration of 127.5 and 48.2 g/L, respectively. The PHB contents obtained with XL1-Blue(pSYL105) and XL1-Blue(pSYL107) were 22.1 and 37.8%, respectively. Therefore, PHB was more efficiently produced in a defined medium by employing filamentation-suppressed recombinantE. coli. 相似文献
227.
Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic Acid) and poly(ethylene/butylene Succinate) blends 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study, blends of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(ethylene/butylene succinate) (Bionolle) have been investigated
for their thermal and mechanical properties as a function of the concentration of Bionolle. Differential scanning calorimetry
(DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile tests were used to characterize the blends. From the results of the
DMA and DSC, it was found that this blend system was not miscible within the compositions studied. DSC results showed that
adding Bionolle aids in crystallization of PLA. It was observed that increasing the Bionolle concentration led to a slight
increase in the strain-at-break of the blends but a decrease in the Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Biaxially
oriented films showed an increase in tensile strength, modulus, and strain-at-break. 相似文献
228.
Synthesis of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) from hydrolyzed linseed oil 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Elena Casini Theo C. de Rijk Pieter de Waard Gerrit Eggink 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(3):153-158
Pseudomonas putida was grown on a mixture of long-chain fatty acids obtained by hydrolysis of linseed oil. A poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) containing
51.2% of unsaturated monomers was obtained. A considerable percentage (13.6%) was constituted by C14 and C16 monomers containing three double-bonds in the side chains. The polymer showed a high tendency to crosslink when it was kept
in presence of air. In the crosslinked polymer no polyunsaturated monomers could be detected. 相似文献
229.
通过对变流量冷冻水系统的分析指出,在运用平衡调温调湿方式的空调系统中,应用变流量冷冻水系统可以较大地节约能源和投资;并提出了实现这种应用的方法。 相似文献
230.
基于神经网络的重大危险源动态分级研究 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
利用自组织神经网络对重大危险源进行动态分级研究,介绍了神经网络的模式聚类即分级法的自组织学习过程和算法,克服了以往危险源分级方法的某些局限性。在计算机上进行的模拟计算表明:基于自组织神经网络的重大危险源动态分级方法是合理可行的 相似文献