氧化沟工艺污水处理厂的调试运行

以安徽某县污水处理厂的改良氧化沟工艺调试为例,采用自然培菌和间歇培养相接合的方式进行调试,结果表明方法可行。在进水COD100mg/L时,MLSS在1500mg/L时,出水COD、NH4-N均可取得较好的处理效果。同时对调试过程中的各环节如人员培训、带负荷试车、污泥培养等进行了详细阐述,并确定了各工艺段的控制参数。     

污水处理厂产泥量与进水水质关系的研究

为研究阜阳污水处理厂近几年来污泥产量与进水水质之间的关系,对自2007年1月份以来的产泥量与进水水质的基础数据进行了整理．并通过建立各个数据之间的相互关系图表来分析产泥量与进水水质之间的关系。     

建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测的现场勘察

现场勘察是对建设项目主体工程（即生产设施）的勘察和对配套建设的环境保护设施及措施的勘察和检查,是检查建设项目是否能够开展验收监测、确定验收监测范围和制定验收监测方案的一个关键步骤,也是验收监测环境保护管理检查的一个重要组成部分.文章从建设项目资料的收集和查阅、建设项目的工程概况、对各类污染源及排放口的检查等八个方面对现场勘察的内容作了较为详细的介绍,以期做好建设项目的现场勘察,为验收监测方案的编制乃至验收监测报告的编写提供详实的基础资料.     

梨树县农业生态环境的分析与建议

生态保护的重点是保护自然资源及由其组成的各类生态系统,预防环境污染和生态破坏,改善和恢复生态系统的环境功能,维护生态平衡。我县工业发展迅速,生态环境面临的压力不断加大,为改善其生态环境现状及存在问题,提出对策与建议,以实现全县经济社会的可持续发展。     

廊坊市环保产业发展现状与市场需求分析

针对目前廊坊市环保产业发展现状及存在的问题,以及今后一段时间内环保产品市场的需求进行了分析,并提出了一些建议。     

聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积行为的影响

针对给水管网中残余铝沉积和再溶解现象可能引起的水质问题,研究了聚硅酸对不同水解聚合形态铝沉积、再溶解的影响,并以石英微晶天平为表征手段,初步探讨了聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积、再溶解过程影响的机理.结果表明,聚硅酸能显著改变不同水解聚合形态铝的沉积、再溶解行为.聚硅酸可与3种水解聚合形态的铝迅速结合而生成可沉积产物,但产物性质不同.以单体形态为主的Al_0与聚硅酸的反应产物性质较稳定,部分以溶解态存在,部分以非溶解态(可沉积态)存在;尽管铝的两种聚合形态Al_(13)和Al_(30)与聚硅酸反应也生成了部分可沉积产物,但随着时间的推移,这些产物又逐渐向溶解态转化.铝硅比对Al_0体系中铝的沉积溶解行为影响较小,而对Al_(13)和Al_(30)影响较大,且在0.2∶20(以Al和SiO_2计的质量比)时,沉积态铝的溶解速率最快.     

三峡库区(重庆-宜昌段)沉积物中钒的污染特征及生态风险评价

为全面了解三峡库区(重庆—宜昌段)干支流沉积物中钒的含量水平、空间分布、赋存形态、污染程度,在三峡库区采集水体沉积物样品67个,测定了沉积物中钒的含量及其化学赋存形态,并采用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行分析和评价.结果表明:1三峡库区研究区范围内沉积物中钒的含量范围为89.4~175.2 mg·kg-1,平均值为123.7 mg·kg-1,略高于长江沉积物背景值;2库区沉积物中钒的空间分布特征主要呈现库区干流含量大于支流,干流下游沉积物中钒含量高于上游;3沉积物中钒含量的极值点出现在较发达县(区)附近,考虑其来源可能是人为源汇入;4库区沉积物中钒的赋存形态主要以残渣态为主,所占质量分数为80%~89%,并与总量呈现显著正相关关系;5沉积物中钒污染程度较小,潜在环境危害影响较弱.     

太原晋祠地区果园土壤呼吸的年际变化及其温度敏感性

太原晋祠地区曾经是著名的稻米之乡,随着晋祠泉的断流,区内土地利用从之前的以水稻田为主转变为以玉米和果园为主.因此,研究土地利用变化后土壤呼吸对于准确估算区域碳循环具有一定意义.基于此目的,本研究以原来为稻田、现为果园利用方式的样地为对象,对其土壤呼吸进行了7 a(2006~2012年)、每月1~3次的定位观测,分析了土壤呼吸的年际、季节变化及其与环境因子年际、季节变化的关系.结果表明,土壤呼吸与土壤温度的季节变化与天数的关系可以用3参数高斯方程模型进行拟合.土壤呼吸的季节变化与土壤温度的季节变化关系为极显著的指数关系,但其与土壤水分季节变化的关系不显著.土壤呼吸速率年平均值为(5.32±3.31)μmol·(m~2·s)-1;碳通量年平均值为1 690.2 g·m-2,在1 294.0~2 006.0g·m~(-2)之间变化,年际均值差异不显著.土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数(Q_(10))值的年际变化以5、10和15 cm温度测定深度计算分别在1.54~2.20、1.68~2.48和1.82~2.46之间;土壤温度10℃对应的土壤呼吸(R_(10))值的年际变化在2.37~2.81、2.43~3.13和2.59~3.47μmol·(m~2·s)-1之间;Q_(10)和R10值均随土壤温度测定深度增加而增加.Q_(10)的年际变化与10 cm深度的土壤温度(T_(10))的年际变化关系极显著(P=0.016),与其它因子的关系不显著;在拟合方程中增加土壤水分因子不能提高对Q_(10)年际变化的预测精度,说明在本样地水分对Q_(10)的影响较小.R10值的年际变化与环境因子的年际变化关系不显著.与土壤呼吸与土壤温度的单因素模型相比,土壤温度和土壤水分的双变量指数模型可以提高预测土壤呼吸季节变化的准确性.研究结果可以为本地区及同类地区的土壤呼吸估算提供一定参考.     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.     

Fast increasing of surface ozone concentrations in Pearl River Delta characterized by a regional air quality monitoring network during 2006-2011

Based on the observation by a Regional Air Quality Monitoring Network including 16 monitoring stations, temporal and spatial variations of ozone(O3), NO2and total oxidant(Ox) were analyzed by both linear regression and cluster analysis. A fast increase of regional O3concentrations of 0.86 ppbV/yr was found for the annual averaged values from 2006 to 2011 in Guangdong, China. Such fast O3increase is accompanied by a correspondingly fast NOx reduction as indicated by a fast NO2 reduction rate of 0.61 ppbV/yr. Based on a cluster analysis, the monitoring stations were classified into two major categories – rural stations(non-urban) and suburban/urban stations. The O3concentrations at rural stations were relatively conserved while those at suburban/urban stations showed a fast increase rate of 2.0 ppbV/yr accompanied by a NO2 reduction rate of 1.2 ppbV/yr. Moreover, a rapid increase of the averaged O3 concentrations in springtime(13%/yr referred to 2006 level) was observed, which may result from the increase of solar duration, reduction of precipitation in Guangdong and transport from Eastern Central China. Application of smog production algorithm showed that the photochemical O3production is mainly volatile organic compounds(VOC)-controlled. However, the photochemical O3production is sensitive to both NOx and VOC for O3pollution episode. Accordingly, it is expected that a combined NOx and VOC reduction will be helpful for the reduction of the O3 pollution episodes in Pearl River Delta while stringent VOC emission control is in general required for the regional O3 pollution control.