短期OTC 处理对鹅绒委陵菜健康影响的研究初报

利用开顶箱（Open Top Chambers, OTC）模拟增温的方法,研究了短期变暖对鹅绒委陵 菜健康的影响。结果表明,短期变暖后降低了鹅绒委陵菜的萌蘖株死亡、增加了单位长度匍匐茎 的萌蘖株数目和其死亡率,同时叶片数目、高度和健康率比对照增加,匍匐茎长度和匍匐茎上萌 蘖株数目比对照减少,同时所有表征指标中只有萌蘖死亡率和叶片高度比对照有显著变化 （p ＜ 0.05）。     

Effects of metal lead on growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive plant species （Solidago canadensis L.）

It is less known whether and how soil metal lead (Pb) impacts the invasion of exotic plants.A greenhouse experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of lead on the growth and mycorrhizae of an invasive species(Solidago canadensis L.)in a microcosm system. Each microcosm unit was separated into HOST and TEST compartments by a replaceable mesh screen that allowed arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal hyphae rather than plant roots to grow into the TEST compartments.Three Pb levels(control,300,and 600 mg/kg soil)were used in this study to simulate ambient soil and two pollution sites where S. canadensis grows.Mycorrhizal inoculum comprised five indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species (Glomus mosseae,Glomus versiform,Glomus diaphanum,Glomus geosporum,and Glomus etunicatum).The 15N isotope tracer was used to quantify the mycorrhizally mediated nitrogen acquisition of plants.The results showed that S. canadensis was highly dependent on mvcOrrhizae.The Pb additions significantly decreased biomass and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization(root length colonized,RLC%) but did not affect spore numbers,N(including total N and 15N) and P uptake.The facilitating efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient acquisition was promoted by Pb treatments.The Pb was mostly sequestered in belowground of plant (root and rhizome).The results suggest that the high efficiency of mycorrhizae on nutrient uptake mightgive S. canadensis a great advantage over native species in Pb polluted softs.     

南海北部大陆架海洋生态系统演变的Ecopath模型比较分析

过度捕捞和环境恶化导致渔业资源和海洋生态系统逆向发展.采用EwE5.1(Ecopath with Ecosim)软件,对南海北部大陆架分别建立20世纪80年代末期(1989～1992年)、20世纪90年代末期(1997～2000年)和21世纪初期三个代表时间段的Ecopath(生态通道模型)模型.通过三阶段的流量、生物量、生产量、捕捞量、系统总流量、总循环流量以及Finn's循环指数和Finn's平均路径长度等方面的比较分析,得出近20 a的过度捕捞导致系统与渔业资源逐渐"退化".20世纪90年代末期休渔政策对此有一些缓和作用,但总趋势不变.     

入侵植物互花米草水浸液对莴苣的化感效应

选用互花米草根、茎、叶5个浓度梯度(0.065、0.130、0.195、0.260、0.325 g·mL-1)的水浸液为处理液,研究其对莴苣种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:互花米草根水浸液在浓度大于0.260 g·mL-1时会显著抑制莴苣种子的萌发,而茎、叶水浸液产生显著抑制作用的起始浓度分别为0.130 g·mL-1和0.195 g·mL-1;互花米草根、茎、叶水浸液对莴苣种子萌发的抑制,不仅表现为降低种子的最终萌发率,还表现为延长种子的平均萌发周期;茎、叶水授液对幼苗生长的影响比较显著.而根水浸液浓度低于0.195g·mL-1时对幼苗胚轴的生长产生促进作用(敏感指数RI>0).不同构件水浸液化感效应强度由大到小依次为:茎>叶>根.并且化感效应强度随水浸液浓度的增加而增强.     

有机氯农药在海河菹草根际和非根际沉积物中的分布特征

于2008年3～5月对海河干流沉水植物菹草根际和非根际沉积物中有机氯农药(OCPs)的分布进行了采样调查.结果表明,菹草根际沉积物中六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)的含量分别为6.95～31.55ng·g-1(均值16.43ng·g-1,下同)和13.99～42.57ng·g-1(23·77ng·g-1),非根际沉积物中HCHs、DDTs的含量分别为1.80～8.09ng·g-1(4.66ng·g-1)和3.27～26.51ng·g-1(14.81ng·g-1);;除1个数据点外,菹草根际沉积物中OCPs含量均比非根际沉积物有明显的增加;;菹草根际沉积物中β-HCH、p,p′-DDE分别是HCHs和DDTs的主要组成成分,而非根际沉积物中β-HCH和p,p′-DDE和p,p′-DDD是主要成分.     

钙和钙离子通道阻断剂对丛枝菌根真菌吸收镉的影响

本试验以三叶草(Trifolium repense L.)为宿主植物,Glomusintra radices为供试菌种,通过分室系统将外生菌丝与植物根系分隔开,并对菌丝室加以不同含量水平的Ca2+、Cd2+和Ca2+通道阻断剂(Verapamil、LaCl3)进行处理,研究在菌丝吸收过程中Cd2+与Ca2+以及Ca2+通道之间的关系.试验结果表明,高Cd2+和LaCl3处理可促进菌丝发育;高Cd2+和Verapamil、LaCl3处理不同程度地降低了菌丝对Ca2+的吸收;高Ca2+和LaCl3处理则可提高菌丝对Cd2+的吸收.根据本试验结果可以认为,Cd2+在菌丝上的跨膜转运不是通过Ca2+通道完成,而且高Ca2+水平有利于Cd2+被菌丝吸收.     

高钙特征焚烧飞灰的加速碳酸化处理及对重金属浸出特性的影响

针对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的高钙含量特征,在室温下采用CO2对焚烧飞灰在液固比(L∶S)为0.25∶1的条件下进行加速碳酸化处理,考察加速碳酸化处理对焚烧飞灰中重金属(As、Cd、Cu、Zn、Sb、Pb)浸出特性的影响.焚烧飞灰XRD分析表明,加速碳酸化处理后飞灰中的Ca(OH)2和CaClOH衍射峰消失,而CaCO3的衍射峰增多,且强度增加.加速碳酸化处理后飞灰中铅的形态发生了改变,并且能够检测到铜的化合物.TG/DTA分析表明,焚烧飞灰在440℃之前增重达到5.70%,SEM-EDS分析证实了Ca(OH)2(s)+CO2(g)→CaCO3(s)反应的发生.焚烧飞灰加速碳酸化处理后的TCLP浸出实验表明,碳酸化时间在2 h内,重金属的浸出浓度除Cd保持不变外都显著下降;而当碳酸化时间超过50 h后,重金属的浸出浓度除Pb外普遍高于飞灰未经碳酸化处理时的浸出浓度.     

The effects of exogenous salicylic acid on growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress

Salicylic acid （SA） was an essential component of the plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant response to some abiotic stress. The possible effects of SA on the growth and H2O2-metabolizing enzymes in rice seedlings under lead stress were studied. When rice seedlings grown in nutrient solution containing Pb^2＋ （0, 0.05, 0.15, 0.25 mmol/L） for 18 d, the plant biomass as well as the chlorophyll content of leaves decreased with increasing Pb concentration. The pre-treatment with SA （treated with 0.1 mmol/L SA for 48 h before Pb stress） partially protected seedlings from Pb toxicity. The chlorophyll contents were significant higher in leaves of Pb-exposed with SA pre-treatment seedlings than in Pb-exposed plants at the same Pb intensity. SA pre-treated alone could significantly increase the length of shoot and root of seedlings but the vigour difference was not marked under long-term exposure to Pb toxicity. SA pre-treated influence the H2O2 level in leaves of seedlings by up-regulating the activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, repressing the activity of catalase （CAT） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） depending on the concentrations of Pb^2＋ in the growth medium. The results supported the conclusion that SA played a positive role in rice seedlings against Pb toxicity.     

Spatial population structure in forest voles of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clethrionomys</Emphasis> in the southern taiga of the Middle Irtysh region

A comparative analysis of spatial population structure in the northern red-backed vole (Clethrionomys rutilus Pall.) and large-toothed red-backed vole (Cl. rufocanus Sund.) has been performed in the middle taiga zone of the Middle Irtysh region (Omsk oblast). Populations of these species are represented by sets of territorial groups whose numbers and spatial distribution change from year to year depending on the ratio of these species in a biotope and their population density. There is no significant interspecific competition between cohabitant Cl. rutilus and Cl. rufocanus. In particular, this follows from the fact that the population density and distribution pattern of one species are independent of those of the other species. It has been found that the size of home ranges in Cl. rutilus inversely depends on its population density, with that in Cl. rufocanus remaining approximately the same at different population densities, and that the structure of the resident part of the population in both species changes during the season, as voles from neighboring habitats or dispersing voles settle in the study area.     

小白菜对猪粪中高Cu和Zn的富集与转运

近年来,规模化养猪中Cu和Zn广泛应用于饲料添加剂,导致猪粪含大量的cu和Zn.猪粪土地利用中高Cu和Zn导致的环境污染和植物效应已引起了人们的高度关注.研究高Cu和Zn的猪粪施入土壤后典型蔬菜对Cu和Zn的富集和转运,可为有机蔬菜安全生产和品质提高提供科学依据,对粪便中重金属的健康风险评价具有重要的参考价值.本研究以...