铁床在高色度有机废水处理中的应用

本文介绍了铁床应用于高色度有机废水处理的反应机理和典型工艺流程,分析了影响其处理效果的主要因素,指出了目前在铁床应用中存在的几个问题并初步探讨了相应的对策。     

Strontium isotope constraints on the seasonal variation of the provenance of base cations in rain water at Kawakami, Central Japan

The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios in monthly precipitation in the forested basin at Kawakami, central Japan, varied seasonally from 0.709 to 0.711 in spring to as low as 0.7062 ± 0.0004 in autumn over nine years from 1987 to 1995. The seasonal variation can be explained in terms of the mixing of three sources of Sr: sea salt (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr 0.70917), soluble eolian minerals originating from deserts in continental Asia ( 0.711), and biogenic materials growing on soils derived from the volcanic rock substrates in the vicinity ( 0.706). It is estimated that the contribution of sea-salt Sr into the Kawakami rain Sr is relatively constant (10 ± 5%) and that more than half of the Sr is of biogenic origin throughout the year except during spring rains when 50% of the Sr is due to the dissolution of Ca-minerals from Asian dusts. The dominant contribution of eolian components to spring rains is consistent with the high concentration of ³H, which is typical of air masses from Asia.     

不同生态系统中细菌遗传物质的转移

核苷酸序列分析和全基因组序列分析表明,细菌的进化通常是由于不同种属之间遗传物质水平转移而推进,基因转移的主要方式有转化、转导和接合,本文综述了有关自然界不同生态系统中细菌遗传物质转移的研究,这些研究可以促使更好地评估基因的水平转移,同时在农业生产或环境补救时人们会特意向环境中释放天然或重组细菌,了解环境中基因的水平转移对于安全评估这些细菌造成的后果也是必需的,参46     

Invertebrate recolonization of fine-grained beneficial use schemes: An example from the southeast coast of England

The disposal of maintenance dredged material constitutes one of the most important problems in coastal zone management. To minimise ecological impacts, a number of ‘beneficial use’ options have developed whereby the material is regarded as a potential resource and used to recharge or recreate intertidal habitats. This paper presents the results of a sampling programme to investigate the macrofaunal recovery rates, and the underlying mechanisms responsible for them, following a beneficial use scheme involving the placement of fine-grained dredged material on a salt marsh in southeast England. Three stations in the recharge area and three reference stations, located within the same salt marsh system, were selected. These stations were sampled prior to recharge (recharge stations only) then 1 week, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after the recharge. Sediment redox potentials (1, 2 and 4 cm sediment depths) were also measured on each sampling occasion. The results indicated a rapid recolonization of the fauna typical of the surrounding salt marsh channels. All univariate parameters had recovered after 3 months after the recharge. Active post-juvenile immigration is likely to have been the predominant recovery process. Multivariate data analysis revealed that the community structure of the recharge stations, however, did not progress towards those of the reference sites. Natural spatial variability in community structure at the scale of the recharge-reference station distance, and differences in eventual tidal elevations are factors responsible for these differences. The need to carefully assess reference site suitability in monitoring beneficial use schemes is discussed.     

铅锌冶炼企业循环经济建设中的物质流分析方法研究

针对循环经济建设模式下有色金属行业企业循环经济建设的物质流分析的特点,对铅锌冶炼企业物质流动情况,从分析方法的内容与步骤两方面进行了详尽的研究,得到了适用于铅锌冶炼企业循环经济建设的物质流分析方法,即采用生命周期评价方法对铅锌冶炼主流程各工序的物质流进行分析,用化合物物质流分析方法进行铅锌伴生元素回收过程的输入输出分析.     

油与有害物质的模拟海洋环境试验池

设在美国新泽西 (NewJersey)州的OHMSATT为治理海洋油与有害物质污染起了很大作用 ,它提供了主要为治理污染器材的试验与培训的实习场所 ,文章综述了该试验池的设备 ,及其使用情况。     

金属粉末烧结材料泊松比模型的探讨

分析了粉末烧结材料泊松比与屈服准则的关系 ,指出了泊松比Kuhn模型的等价假设 ,比较了几种泊松比模型的特点 ,提出了一种能反映致密过程中密度较大时泊松比增长率减缓的特点的箕舌线函数型泊松比模型。     

装饰材料所致的室内空气污染

对商业、工业、住宅等不同功能区和不同室内燃料的厨房、卧室、教室等室内房间，作了空气中甲醛的本底值调查。调查表明，甲醛浓度范围为０．０００７－０．０１２５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。对１５户普通家庭装潢户的调查表明，经装潢后１年以上测得的甲醛，总烃、苯、甲苯平均浓度分别为０．０２、０．５０、０．７６、１．２５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３。氯乙烯、苯乙烯未测出。其中甲醛平均浓度高出本底值２０倍，为前苏联建议的日平均浓度的１．６倍。     

新疆核试验场周围地区主要食品中90Sr(锶)、137Cs(铯)水平及其所致居民剂量

本文报道了新疆核试验场周围地区9个调查区17种主要食品中⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs含量分别为1.1~72.3,0.3~40.7×10^-2Bq·Kg^-1;3个对照区分别为1.6~68.4,0.6~27.4×10^-2Bq·Kg^-1。两地区同类食品中⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs平均含量基本一致。调查区⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs所致成年居民有效剂量当量值分别为2μSV(集体剂量当量为30.0人· SV);0.3μSV(4.5人· SV)。对照区分别为2.2μSV(集体剂量当量为20.9人·SV);0.4μSV(3.0人·SV)。可见我国核试验产生的⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs对核试验场周围地区食品没有造成明显的局部污染,所致居民剂量当量负担仅为我国天然外照射所致年有效剂量当量(952μSV)的0.2%和0.03%。对该地区的广大居民健康不会产生有害的影响。     

城市生活垃圾场垂直防渗技术应用与认识

为防止生活垃圾场渗滤液扩散 ,造成二次污染 ,本文着重论述了采用帷幕注浆进行垂直防渗的可行性 ,并结合工程实践 ,对生活垃圾场场址选择、帷幕注浆材料使用以及防渗工程布置作了分析和探讨。