南京典型古建筑的消防现状调查和消防对策

通过对江苏南京代表性古建筑朝天宫、甘熙故居、鸡鸣寺和净觉寺的实地深入调查,从结构、材料、内容、布局和环境等方面分析了古建筑普遍存在的火灾危险性,考察了古建筑中现代消防设施建设、消防资金投入、消防管理措施和现代消防材料和技术应用的现状,发现多数古建筑在消防防护方面仍处于保守、常规、落后和消极的状态。为实现对古建筑价值的最大限度保护,应从消防安全布局、消防站建设、消防通道设计、消防给水供应、消防通讯保障、消防装备配置等方面进行性能化设计和规划;在遵循“修旧如旧”的修缮和维护原则下,需要勇于尝试和接纳纳米材料等新型化学保护材料和技术。     

Performance and Environmental Impact of Biodegradable Films in Agriculture: A Field Study on Protected Cultivation

The performance, the degradability in soil and the environmental impact of biodegradable starch-based soil mulching and low tunnel films were assessed by means of field and laboratory tests. The lifetime of the biodegradable mulches was 9 months and of the biodegradable low-tunnel films 6 months. The radiometric properties of the biodegradable films influenced positively the microclimate: air temperature under the biodegradable low tunnel films was 2 °C higher than under the low density polyethylene films, resulting in an up to 20% higher yield of strawberries. At the end of the cultivation period, the biodegradable mulches were broken up and buried in the field soil together with the plant residues. One year after burial, less than 4% of the initial weight of the biodegradable film was found in the soil. According to ecotoxicity tests, the kinetic luminescent bacteria test with Vibrio fischeri and the Enchytraeus albidus ISO/CD 16387 reproduction potential, there was no evidence of ecotoxicity in the soil during the biodegradation process. Furthermore, there was no change in the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the soil determined on the basis of the appearance of amoA gene diversity in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.     

活性炭材料在火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝中的应用

概述了传统活性炭和活性炭纤维材料独特的吸附性,介绍了活性炭材料在烟气脱硫脱硝中的应用原理.同时建议今后应在表面改性、脱硫脱硝反应机理等方面进行深入研究.     

南海环境对材料和工艺的影响研究

本文选用装备常用材料及工艺样品在南海西沙进行暴露试验,评价我国当前装备在南海环境条件下的适应能力,并分析南海环境条件对其影响的原因及程度。     

A_2型高粱细胞质雄性不育系与其保持系的胞质DNA和核DNA差异

以高粱细胞质雄性不育系A2 V4 (A)及其保持系V4 (B)的总DNA为模板 ,对 184个随机引物进行筛选 ,找到6个其RAPD扩增产物在A/B间存在稳定差异的引物 .将该 6个引物同时扩增A/B的总DNA、线粒体DNA(mtDNA)及叶绿体DNA(cpDNA) .以总DNA为模板时得到 12个扩增片段 ,以mtDNA为模板时得到 4个 ,以cpDNA为模板时得到 11个 .结果分析表明 ,在这些扩增片段中 ,有 7个仅仅出现在以胞质DNA为模板的扩增中 ,有 5个在以总DNA和胞质DNA为模板时同时出现 ,即认为这 12个片段来自胞质DNA .另有 7个片段 ,在以胞质DNA为模板时未出现 ,而是仅仅出现在以总DNA为模板的扩增中 ,认为是来自核DNA .来自核DNA的 7个扩增片段中 ,有 5个来自保持系 ,有 2个来自不育系 ,这表明 ,不育系与保持系在核DNA上存在差异 .对A/B核DNA在CMS中的重要性及研究对策进行了讨论 .图 2表 4参 19     

介孔TiO2纤维的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶和水蒸气活化热处理技术制备了介孔TiO2纤维,考察了各种因素对介孔TiO2纤维光催化活性的影响,并对介孔TiO2纤维结构进行了表征。介孔TiO2纤维的最佳制备条件：n（TBOT）∶n（C6H10O3）∶n（H2O）∶n（C3H8O）=1∶0.4∶2.0∶16,搅拌时间80min,Si与Ti的摩尔比为0.15,采用分段程序升温工艺,活化温度为700℃。所得介孔TiO2纤维比表面积为127.7m2/g,最可几孔径为7.3nm,具有极高的热稳定性及抗晶型转变能力,反应时间75min时活性艳红X-3B降解率为99.3%。     

酚类物质对厌氧生物降解性的影响研究

通过厌氧间歇试验,研究了4种酚类物质在不同浓度下的累积产气量,并将其归纳为两类8种不同降解性影响的典型曲线.试验表明,4种酚类物质中,苯酚和邻甲酚可被厌氧微生物降解,而对甲酚和五氯酚不能被厌氧微生物降解.     

基于MFA的青岛市城阳区物质代谢研究

基于欧盟的物质流分析(MFA)框架,对青岛市城阳区的物质代谢状态和代谢强度进行了系统分析.结果表明:1995─2004年城阳区资源投入量和污染物排放量分别增长3.6和1.8倍,化石燃料和矿物约占资源投入量的50.26%～76.30%,进口资源量所占比例呈逐年增长趋势,经济发展的资源外部依赖性较强.万元GDP资源投入由6.01 t降至3.56 t,万元GDP污染物排放量也降低了63.74%,表明城阳区经济发展的资源利用效率和生态效率已有不同程度的提高,但仍远高于发达国家20世纪末期的水平,因此提高资源生产力和控制污染物排放是实现城阳区可持续发展的必由之路.      

Secondary materials transfer from Japan to China: destination analysis

China has been the largest importer of secondary materials for recycling from Japan during the past decade. In this study, we analyzed the transfer of major secondary materials (plastic, steel, copper, and aluminum scrap) from Japan to China. We identified specific destinations for secondary materials, and the characteristics of secondary materials transferred to China. The major destination for the transfer of secondary materials to China is Guangdong province and part of the Huadong area (Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu). Most scrap metal imported into China is of low quality. The destinations of most high-quality nonferrous scrap, imported as processed goods on consignment or through the transit improvement trade, are the northeast border provinces, especially Xinjiang Uighur province. The coefficients of specialization for Chinese cities were different from those for the provinces. Guangdong shows an average recycling structure for China. The structure gradually changes from south to north.     

袋式除尘用滤料集尘性能的冷态测定及分析

对袋式除尘常用的针刺毡、基布覆膜、梯度针刺毡三类滤料进行集尘状况下压力损失冷态实验测试。结果表明:清洁滤料压力损失由大到小分别为基布覆膜滤料、梯度针刺毡、常规针刺毡;清洁滤料的压力损失与过滤速度呈正比线性变化关系,集尘后与过滤时间、粉尘负荷呈正比二次方变化关系,并通过分析给出滤料在不同集尘负荷下阻力与过滤风速、粉尘负荷间的计算关系。