水域泄漏油品回收处理技术

提出了水域泄漏油品回收技术的装备需求,介绍了水域泄漏油品问收处理措施.采用拦油栅来控制漂浮在水上的油品,将泄漏油品集中在相对较小的区域内,并使水面的浮油层加厚,然后使用人工或机械对泄漏油品进行回收.对于水域中的少量泄漏油品,采用吸油材料来进行吸附.在油膜较薄,难以用机械方法回收的情况下,使用消油剂或固化剂进行处理.水域...     

活性炭材料在火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝中的应用

概述了传统活性炭和活性炭纤维材料独特的吸附性,介绍了活性炭材料在烟气脱硫脱硝中的应用原理.同时建议今后应在表面改性、脱硫脱硝反应机理等方面进行深入研究.     

Performance and Environmental Impact of Biodegradable Films in Agriculture: A Field Study on Protected Cultivation

The performance, the degradability in soil and the environmental impact of biodegradable starch-based soil mulching and low tunnel films were assessed by means of field and laboratory tests. The lifetime of the biodegradable mulches was 9 months and of the biodegradable low-tunnel films 6 months. The radiometric properties of the biodegradable films influenced positively the microclimate: air temperature under the biodegradable low tunnel films was 2 °C higher than under the low density polyethylene films, resulting in an up to 20% higher yield of strawberries. At the end of the cultivation period, the biodegradable mulches were broken up and buried in the field soil together with the plant residues. One year after burial, less than 4% of the initial weight of the biodegradable film was found in the soil. According to ecotoxicity tests, the kinetic luminescent bacteria test with Vibrio fischeri and the Enchytraeus albidus ISO/CD 16387 reproduction potential, there was no evidence of ecotoxicity in the soil during the biodegradation process. Furthermore, there was no change in the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the soil determined on the basis of the appearance of amoA gene diversity in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.     

南海环境对材料和工艺的影响研究

本文选用装备常用材料及工艺样品在南海西沙进行暴露试验,评价我国当前装备在南海环境条件下的适应能力,并分析南海环境条件对其影响的原因及程度。     

渤海油田中深层低含H2S气井油套管选材研究

目的 解决渤海油田中深层低含H2S井下环境的油套管安全选材问题.方法 利用高压釜模拟气井的腐蚀环境,对不同材质的备选油套管钢在不同井深模拟工况条件下的腐蚀速率和应力腐蚀开裂行为进行研究,采用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)及其能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射分析仪(XRD),分析或检测腐蚀形貌、腐蚀产物的组成,综合考虑均匀腐蚀和开...     

材料失效致因论研究

材料失效会引发产品失效,材料失效致因论主要有材料失效的累积损伤致因论、性能退化致因论、复杂环境致因论和原始缺陷致因论.研究材料失效致因论可以更加有效地预防材料及产品的失效.     

核事故应急后果评价系统研究综述

通过简要分析核武器事故的特点,回顾国内外民用核设施事故后果评价系统功能及特征,总结美国武器事故后果评价系统的研究进展,对比分析民用核设施同核武器事故后果评价系统的异同,探讨核武器事故后果评价系统的发展趋势。分析表明,核武器事故与民用核设施事故在功能和结构上具有相似之处,开发适合多种事故源项、环境条件的后果评价系统是未来核事故后果评价系统的发展方向。     

化学品污染的成因及预防

世界化学工业迅速发展,各种化学品的产量大幅度增加,新化学品不断涌现。人们在充分利用化学品的同时,也产生了大量的化学废物,其中不乏有毒有害物质。由于毫无控制地随意排放及化学品其他途径的泄放,使环境状况日益恶化,如何认识化学品污染的成因及危害,最大限度地降低化学品污染,加强环境保护力度,已是人们亟待解决的重大问题。     

基于模糊TOPSIS的道路危险货物运输企业安全评价方法

为了评估道路危险货物运输企业安全性水平,降低危险货物运输风险概率,围绕道路危险货物运输企业安全性评价的重要性,提出一种适用于模糊不确定环境的道路危险货物运输企业安全性评价方法。首先,从人-机-组织综合角度建立道路危险货物运输企业安全性评价指标体系;其次,组合运用模糊决策理论、群体决策和TOPSIS方法提出道路危险货物运输企业安全性评价方法框架;最后以南京市5家道路危险货物运输企业的安全性评价为例进行方法验证。     

Secondary materials transfer from Japan to China: destination analysis

China has been the largest importer of secondary materials for recycling from Japan during the past decade. In this study, we analyzed the transfer of major secondary materials (plastic, steel, copper, and aluminum scrap) from Japan to China. We identified specific destinations for secondary materials, and the characteristics of secondary materials transferred to China. The major destination for the transfer of secondary materials to China is Guangdong province and part of the Huadong area (Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu). Most scrap metal imported into China is of low quality. The destinations of most high-quality nonferrous scrap, imported as processed goods on consignment or through the transit improvement trade, are the northeast border provinces, especially Xinjiang Uighur province. The coefficients of specialization for Chinese cities were different from those for the provinces. Guangdong shows an average recycling structure for China. The structure gradually changes from south to north.