"鸟巢"演唱会人员疏散CA-BP仿真研究

针对现今大型活动中的人群踩踏事故频发问题,通过对"鸟巢"演唱会进行人流疏散仿真分析,研究紧急情况下人流疏散逃生规律及均衡疏散方法.通过设置人员速度、移动余值、出口逃生条件等因素扩展元胞自动机行人流模型,并借助Matlab语言实现可视化仿真模拟,以探究人流疏散逃生规律;引入疏散系数,并通过建立BP神经网络获取较优疏散系数,均衡各个出口所承担的疏散任务.结果表明,"鸟巢"演唱会在疏散过程中人群对通行出口的选择较为不合理,仿真疏散总时间长达455.5 s,与理想疏散曲线所得疏散总时间270.0s相比,存在40.7％的偏差,为减小此偏差引入出口疏散系数指导人群定向选择出口,通过仿真模拟得到的疏散总时间为312.0 s,减少约31.5％,出口选择不均衡现象被显著缓解.最后提出了针对疏散不平衡问题的相关措施.     

新型风幕控尘除尘机除尘系统数值模拟

针对以往风幕存在不能全断面封闭掘进工作面的问题,设计了一种240°弧形风幕控尘除尘机除尘系统,利用流体力学计算软件Fluent对此系统的风幕宽度、除尘机压力、风幕与吸尘口距离和除尘效果进行了模拟.结果表明:当局扇提供的风量为280 m3/min,风幕宽度为50mm时,抗扩散能力较弱,风幕宽度为100 mm时,风幕风速分布较均匀,抗扩散能力较强,风幕宽度选取150 mm时,末速度达不到阻尘的作用;在风幕宽度为100 mm、风幕距除尘机吸尘口2.4 m的条件下,除尘机压力为-400 Pa和-500 Pa时,不利于粉尘的排出,除尘机压力为-250 Pa和-350 Pa时除尘效果较好;在风幕宽度为100nn、除尘机压力为-350 Pa的条件下,风幕距除尘机吸尘口距离小于2.0m时,不利于粉尘的排出,间距大于2.4m时除尘效果良好;当风幕宽度为100 mm、风幕与吸尘口间距2.4m时,除尘机压力-350 Pa比-250 Pa更有利于粉尘的排出.研究表明,240°弧形风幕控尘除尘机除尘系统在合理的工况参数下除尘效果更好.     

限速值对信号交叉口交通安全的影响分析

为研究交叉口进口道车辆限速值对交叉口的安全和运行产生的影响,通过微观仿真平台,分析车辆在交叉口限速分别为30,38和46 km/h时的车均延误、车均行程时间,并将车辆行驶轨迹输入安全辅助评价(SSAM)软件中展开分析。结果表明,车辆限速值的提高对车均延误的影响不大,但会减小车辆在进口道的车均行程时间。另外,限速值从30 km/h提高到46 km/h,引起的碰撞时间(TTC)、后侵占时间(PET)数值变化不显著,但使总冲突数从42个增加到59个。     

随机振动的描述及其试验与仿真

阐述了随机振动的描述方法,随机振动试验条件和相关参数的计算等。并结合实例,介绍了随机振动有限元仿真的流程及其工程意义,以便在深入了解随机振动原理的基础上,指导随机振动试验和有限元仿真的开展。     

Development of Sediment and Nutrient Export Coefficients for U.S. Ecoregions

Water quality impairment due to excessive nutrients and sediment is a major problem in the United States (U.S.). An important step in the mitigation of impairment in any given water body is determination of pollutant sources and amount. The sheer number of impaired waters and limited resources makes simplistic load estimation methods such as export coefficient (EC) methods attractive. Unfortunately ECs are typically based on small watershed monitoring data, which are very limited and/or often based on data collected from distant watersheds with drastically different conditions. In this research, we seek to improve the accuracy of these nutrient export estimation methods by developing a national database of localized EC for each ecoregion in the U.S. A stochastic sampling methodology loosely based on the Monte‐Carlo technique was used to construct a database of 45 million Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) simulations. These simulations consider a variety of climate, topography, soils, weather, land use, management, and conservation implementation conditions. SWAT model simulations were successfully validated with edge‐of‐field monitoring data. Simulated nutrient ECs compared favorably with previously published studies. These ECs may be used to rapidly estimate nutrient loading for any small catchment in the U.S. provided the location, area, and land‐use distribution are known.     

京津冀地区重污染天气过程的污染气象条件数值模拟研究

通过采用全球再分析格点资料的统计分析和WRF中尺度数值模拟,从天气学和大气边界层气象学角度分析了2013年12月和2014年2月两次重污染过程中京津冀地区天气尺度大气停滞气象条件和大气污染扩散气象条件的特征及其作用,并根据WRF模式精细化模拟结果分析了太行山和燕山对京津冀地区城市大气污染形成的作用.研究结果表明,两次重污染天气过程中京津冀地区500 h Pa等压面上的平均风速均表现为明显的气候异常特征,500 h Pa平均风速较近10年同期分别下降了约30.8%和50.4%,大气停滞系数较近5年同期分别偏高10%和20%以上;京津冀地区发生严重污染时,WRF模式模拟的日平均混合层高度低于200 m,日平均地面10 m风速低于2 m·s-1,日平均通风量可降低到1000 m2·s-1以下,空气质量指数与日平均通风量成负相关,重污染期间的平均通风量比近5年同期平均通风量偏低29.3%~52.8%,这些不利于污染扩散的天气条件持续数日,导致了重污染天气的发生.此外,太行山对西风气流的阻挡是河北中南部地区大气污染加剧的一个重要原因,而当主导风向为偏南风时,偏南气流遇燕山后或转向回流、或爬坡,导致近地面风速减小,不利于污染物扩散,亦加剧了京津冀地区中南部城市的大气污染.     

Analysis of gas dispersion and ventilation within a comprehensive CAD model of an offshore platform via computational fluid dynamics

Maintaining an adequate air flow with a desired air quality that is free from hazardous gases is among the most important actions taken toward the improvement of safety in any process plant. Due to the increased focus on the consequences of existing hazardous material on safety, health, and the environment, air quality and sufficient ventilation within a plant has been increasingly considered in the design stage. This paper investigates and analyzes methane and hydrogen sulfite dispersion and the effect of air ventilation within a CAD model of an offshore platform using computation fluids dynamics (CFD). In addition, this method and its principals could be utilized in any other hazardous environment. Simulations of possible hazardous events along with solutions for preventing or reducing their probability are presented to better assess the data. These investigations are performed by considering hypothetical hazardous scenarios which consist of gas leakages from pipes and process equipment under different conditions. After drafting a precise and highly detailed CAD model of the plant and performing CFD simulations on this model, the results of gas behaviors, dispersion, distribution, accumulation, and its possible hazards are investigated and analyzed. The larger amount of details of the actual plant model in CFD simulation are obtained by using a combination of different methods and software. These include PDMS for 3-D drawing of the plan, Rinoceros for geometrical integration of the process equipment and facilities, and Sharc Harpoon which meshes the model. Moreover, the probability of inducing ignitable or toxic concentration of gases within the atmosphere and air ventilation of the unit is considered by these investigations.     

Numerical study on dust movement and dust distribution for hybrid ventilation system in a laneway of coal mine

Coal dust disaster is the most serious problem in a laneway of coal mine. Dust movement regularity for comprehensive mechanized heading face is the key scientific issues for the principle and technology of dust prevention. The special topic on systematic study of the variation regularity of dust movement and dust distribution is presented with hybrid ventilation for the comprehensive mechanized heading face: Euler–Euler method was firstly established on the numerical platform for gas–solid two phase flow in a laneway. And the forces and the dynamic model of dust particles were performed in three-dimensional flow field. Then based on the visible simulations, the movement characteristics of diffusion, sedimentation and accumulation of dust particles were investigated under the action of the complex air flow, and the spatiotemporal variation of dust distribution was studied with hybrid ventilation system. Meanwhile, the obtained dust distribution regularities were compared with the obtainable experimental results. Finally, selected method on different ventilation patterns for dust control was brought out for the heading face according to the gained regularity. The research results is helpful for further understanding of the essence of dust movement with air flow, which could provide more suitable guidance for the principle of dust control and technology of ventilation.     

Numerical simulation of evaporation of volatile liquids

The paper presents the results of the validation of the developed pool evaporation model using literature and our own experimental data. The proposed model was used to examine the effect of wind velocity and pool sizes on the evaporation rate of volatile liquid (hexane). Contrary to the semi-empirical evaporation model widely used in hazard assessment, stronger dependence of evaporation rate on pool size at low wind speeds is obtained.