嗜盐光合细菌的分离鉴定及其营养成分分析

从大连海岸的海泥中分离到 4株海洋光合细菌 :菌株C4 10、菌株DS2、菌株E3 和E4,它们都能在厌氧光照下营光异养生长 ,菌株C4 10还能够利用还原性硫化物营光自养生长 .依菌对NaCl的需求 ,菌株C4 10、DS2归属于嗜盐光合细菌 ,菌株E3 和E4属于耐盐光合细菌 .根据形态和培养特征、生理生化特征、光合作用内膜结构、泛醌组成、(G +C)的摩尔百分比等指标 ,菌株C4 10鉴定为Rhodovulumsulfidophilus (嗜硫小红卵菌 )、菌株DS2鉴定为Rhodobiummarinum (海红菌 )、菌株E3 和E4鉴定为Rhodobacterazotoformans.4株菌的营养成分分析表明 ,它们的细胞的最大生长量为 4× 10 9mL-1.粗蛋白含量占细胞干重的 5 5 %左右 ,菌株DS2高达 6 4 .2 % .4菌株所含氨基酸种类齐全 ,特别具备人和动物所必需的氨基酸 .4株菌均含有辅酶Q10和类胡萝卜素 .其中菌株C4 10的类葫萝卜素含量最高 .图 1表 6参 14     

Correspondence analysis of paper recycling society: consumers and paper makers in Japan

Paper passes through many hands. In the present paper, key parts of this cycle in Japan were examined, using questionnaire surveys of households and paper makers. The study aimed to examine the paper makers' strategy for paper production and their attitude to recycling, in comparison with those of the consumers. The study especially focused on toilet paper because consumers have a lot of freedom in purchasing toilet paper. A total of 1242 consumers and 60 paper makers responded. The major findings were as follows. First, we compared the criteria of consumers for purchasing toilet paper with the conjectures of paper makers. Brand, advertisements and the appearance of shopping displays received 60% support from paper makers, but less than 12% of consumers selected these criteria even if we exclude those who do not buy toilet paper or do not have any particular criteria. On the other hand, multiple plies and benefit to the earth were selected by moderate numbers (between 20 and 25%) of consumers, while only 16.77 and 5.69%, respectively of paper makers marked these criteria. Paper makers strongly believe that many retailers sell toilet paper as a loss-leader. By comparing those matters considered important for recycling by consumers with those considered important by makers, it was shown that many makers have a clear awareness of the particular problem, the lack of used paper consumption, in the current paper recycling situation in Japan.     

EFFECTS OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON FOREST STREAMWATER QUALITY IN EASTERN KENTUCKY1

ABSTRACT: Forest land managers are concerned about the effects of logging on soil erosion, streamflow, and water quality and are promoting the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control impacts. To compare the effects of BMP implementation on streamwater quality, two of three small watersheds in Kentucky were harvested in 1983 and 1984, one with BMPs, the other without BMPs. There was no effect of clearcutting on stream temperatures. Streamflow increased by 17.8 cm (123 percent) on the BMP watershed during the first 17 months after cutting and by 20.6 cm (138 percent) on the Non-BMP watershed. Water yields remained significantly elevated compared to the uncut watershed 8 years after harvesting. Suspended sediment flux was 14 and 30 times higher on the BMP and Non-BMP Watersheds, respectively, than on the uncut watershed during treatment, and 4 and 6.5 times higher in the 17 months after treatment was complete. Clearcutting resulted in increased concentrations of nitrate, and other nutrients compared to the uncut watershed, and concentrations were highest on the non-BMP watershed. Recovery of biotic control over nutrient losses occurred within three years of clearcutting. The streamside buffer strip was effective in reducing the impact of clearcutting on water yield and sediment flux.     

Simulation of sludge-dredging effects in controlling nutrient release of Lake Kasumigaura with large-size core samples

Ｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｌｕｄｇｅ－ｄｒｅｄｇｉｎｇｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｉｎｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｌｉｎｇｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｒｅｌｅａｓｅｏｆＬａｋｅＫａｓｕｍｉｇａｕｒａｗｉｔｈｌａｒｇｅ－ｓｉｚｅｃｏｒｅｓａｍｐｌｅｓ￥ＦａｎＣｈｅｎｇｘｉｎ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩ...     

Deriving freshwater quality criteria of sulphocyanic sodium for the protection of aquatic life in China

ＤｅｒｉｖｉｎｇｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａｏｆｓｕｌｐｈｏｃｙａｎｉｃｓｏｄｉｕｍｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａｑｕａｔｉｃｌｉｆｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａＺｈａｎｇＴｏｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＥ...     

喀斯特山区水库底泥养分与重金属的含量特征——以阿哈水库为例

为摸清喀斯特山区阿哈水库底泥的养分情况和重金属污染状况,评价底泥农业资源化利用潜力,根据水库地形地貌、入库河流和出库口分布等特点,采集0~100 cm深度的底泥样品12个,分析和评价了阿哈水库底泥的养分状况及重金属污染水平。结果表明:底泥的有机质、总氮、总磷和总钾平均质量比分别为92.25 g/kg、3.35 g/kg、0.76 g/kg和14.18 g/kg,对照全国第二次土壤普查有关标准,有机质和总氮处于很高水平,总磷处于中上水平,而总钾处于中下水平,各养分指标的变异系数为25.49%~41.06%,空间差异较强;底泥Cr、Cd、Pb、As、Hg、Cu和Zn的平均质量比分别为104.86 mg/kg、1.12 mg/kg、75.87 mg/kg、26.68 mg/kg、0.27 mg/kg、59.53 mg/kg和164.65mg/kg,均高于贵州省土壤重金属背景值、贵州表生沉积物背景值和全国水系沉积物平均值,各重金属元素的变异系数为31.41%~132.34%,具有很强的空间变异性;以《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》为评价标准,底泥重金属內梅罗综合污染水平和潜在生态危害程度均为中等,且Cd的贡献最大。综上,阿哈水库底泥养分丰富,但污染较严重,不适于耕地利用,可考虑用于园林绿地。     

海南新村湾海菖蒲TN和TP含量时空变化及其对营养负荷的响应

以海南新村湾海草床优势种之一的海菖蒲(Enhalus acoroides)为研究对象,于2005年7月、10月和2006年1月,分3个季度对网箱养殖区、中间过渡区和对照区海菖蒲不同组织的TN、TP含量的时空变化特征进行了研究,初步探讨了其对营养负荷的响应。结果表明:(1)新村湾海水和沉积物间隙水DIN含量,呈现出网箱养殖区中间过渡区对照区的显著趋势。(2)海菖蒲根、茎和叶在3个季度中的TN含量范围分别为:0.576%~1.544%、0.803%~2.480%和1.796%~3.200%;TP含量分别为:0.053%~0.175%、0.073%~0.197%和0.183%~0.413%。(3)海菖蒲不同组织TN、TP含量,均显示叶茎根的显著趋势;海菖蒲不同组织TN含量呈现秋、冬季夏季的趋势,TP含量随季节变化趋势各有不同。(4)海菖蒲根和叶的TN含量,有由网箱养殖区向对照区递减的趋势,与其所在样区海水和沉积物间隙水DIN含量呈显著正相关;海菖蒲TP含量,普遍显示出网箱养殖区比中间过渡区和对照区显著大的趋势,但与海水和间隙水PO4-P的含量没有明显的关系。(5)N/P计算结果表明,新村湾海菖蒲的生长主要受N的限制。     

宁波南沙港网箱养殖水域营养状况评价及生物修复策略

根据2007年1月-2007年11月4个航次对宁波南沙港网箱养殖水域水体营养盐（NO2--N、NO3--N、NH 4＋-N和PO34--P）含量的监测结果,利用营养指数E法对水体的富营养化状态进行了评价。根据网箱养殖系统物质平衡方程和现场调查实验数据,估算了南沙港网箱养殖水域的氮磷污染负荷,以溶解态氮作为平衡指标,估算了鱼藻类合理的配比模式。结果表明,南沙港水体中NO2--N、NO3--N、NH4＋-N、PO4-P含量年变化范围分别为0.26μmol/L～4.86μmol/L,33.93μmol/L～82.86μmol/L,0.59μmol/L～7.86μmol/L,1.47μmol/L～2.97μmol/L,不同养殖区之间营养盐含量差异不显著（p〈0.05）;营养指数E值年变化范围介于2.41～15.99之间,表明该港水体处于重度富营养化状态;养殖区N/P值的年平均值为32.95,表明南沙港海区是一个氮过剩的养殖系统。南沙港网箱养殖水域氮、磷的负荷量分别为70.43 t/a和5.96 t/a,其中溶解态氮、磷负荷量分别为49.3 t/a和2.38 t/a;南沙港的藻类养殖面积需要在现有基础上再扩大0.44倍,达到107.52 ha,才可以与网箱养殖系统的氮磷污染负荷构成平衡;网箱养殖个数与藻类养殖面积（ha）的合理配比约为1∶0.027。     

Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in removal of pollutant in Taihu Lake, China

Two plant populations of Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in Taihu Lake, China. The substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter (P < 0.01), with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%-63% for P. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for T. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. Both species and substrates significantly decreased the N and P conc...     

集约农区不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响

选择山东省寿光市,通过野外调查和室内分析,利用数理统计软件SPSS,系统分析不同土地利用方式下土壤养分的分布特征、变异情况及其相关性,研究集约农区不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明,在不同土地利用方式下,各养分含量分布存在明显规律。有机质均值的分布特征是菜地水浇地果园旱地盐碱地;全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷和有效锌均值的分布特征是菜地果园水浇地盐碱地旱地;土壤pH值、交换性镁均值的分布特征为盐碱地旱地水浇地果园菜地;交换性钙在不同利用方式中的含量为盐碱地旱地水浇地菜地果园;有效硼为果园菜地盐碱地水浇地旱地;有效铁为菜地果园水浇地旱地盐碱地;有效铜和有效锰均为果园菜地水浇地盐碱地旱地。水浇地、菜地和果园在各养分含量上差异较小,旱地和盐碱地在各养分含量上较为相似。除pH值外,其它12种土壤养分在不同土地利用方式下变异系数均较高,其中以速效磷的变异系数最大。土壤养分中除了交换性镁、有效硼与其它各养分之间的相关性较低外,其它养分之间基本为显著或极显著相关,其中pH值与其它各土壤养分均呈现显著或极显著负相关,有机质与其它各土壤养分均呈现显著或极显著正相关。