选择性离子交换法脱除水中NH3-N

采用储量较大的黑龙江省嫩江天然斜发沸石,对其脱除NH_3-N的能力、预处理及洗脱再生方法、交换平衡、交换动力学等进行系统的研究,并对沸石床层的交换过程进行数学模型计算。     

Laws of annual nutrient uptake in a Paulownia plantation

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The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

沸石在水处理中的应用

本文介绍了中国沸石的种类及其分布概况，以产自甘肃省白银市的斜发沸石为研究对象，对其化学组成及分子晶格形式作了较为详尽的阐述，经实验室检测出其化学组成及物化指标，且对沸石作为吸附剂、离子交换剂、催化剂处理废水的作用机理进行了深入的探讨，对于天然沸石改性进行了实验研究，得出采用氯化钠溶液对天然沸石改性的效果比较理想，改性溶液的最佳浓度为0．9mol/L。研究沸石在沸水处理领域中的应用，分析了沸石处理各类废水的机理，并对沸石处理废水的前景进行了展望。     

Seed yeast cultivation for salad oil manufacturing wastewater treatment

The mixture of five yeast strains obtained from soil could remove about 85% TOC of oil-rich wastewater in batch test.While the highest MLSS was obtained at an N:C of 1:5,the oil removal decreased with the increase of N:C during yeast sludge cultivation.Ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for yeast cultivation from the viewpoint of yeast growth and oil utilizxation.An ammonia concentration of over 1300 mg/L led to mass death of yeast at a pH of 5.The ammonia concentration should be controlled at a level of 1000 mg/L or lower.     

实施大气氟化物排污权交易的改进意见

在环保管理引入市场机制的条件下，如何推行并实施大气氟化物排污交易工作，本文就在法律、科研、管理、机构及经济手段等方面提出改进意见，供参考。     

载La(Ⅲ)-和Fe(Ⅲ)-氨基膦酸型螯合树脂对氟吸附性能的比较

研究并比较了载La（Ⅲ）和载Fe（Ⅲ）大孔氨基膦酸型螯合树脂对饮用水中氟离子的吸附特性。氟在载La（Ⅲ）和载Fe（Ⅲ）的螯合树脂上的吸附不随pH的变化而改变,载金属螯合树脂对氟的饱和吸附容量分别为3.78、3.55mg/g,吸附方式符合Freundlich吸附等温式,代表性竞争离子不影响氟在螯合树脂上的吸附。结果表明载Fe（Ⅲ）和载La（Ⅲ）的螯合树脂是一种有前景的饮水氟去除吸附剂。     

北方庭院生态系统能量分析及养分平衡研究

以基于食用菌生产的北方庭院生态系统为研究对象，通过对沈阳南郊一典型农户庭院生态系统的能量分析与养分平衡研究表明，该庭院生态系统的产品总输出能为４１８７２１４ＭＪ／ａ，其中平菇产品的生物能占６５４％；输入输出系统的Ｎ、Ｐ２Ｏ５及Ｋ２Ｏ基本上保持着养分平衡；该庭院生态系统是一个生产力高、综合效益可观的系统，对指导该地区农村庭院生态系统建设具有重要的现实意义。     

巢湖底泥磷的释放模拟实验研究

在实验室条件下，模拟了DO控制、pH值调节、温度调节、水动力条件等，进行了底泥释磷实验。实验表明：（1）厌氧条件下，底泥中的磷向水体释放，且释放强度随pH值的升高而升高。好氧条件下，底泥非但没有向水体释放磷，反而从水体中吸附磷，呈“负释放”状态；且pH值越低，“负释放强度”越大。（2）温度升高有利于底泥中磷的释放，最大释放强度随温度的升高而提前。（3）搅动条件下的底泥磷释放量大于静置条件下的底泥磷释放量。（4）微生物对磷释放有明显的影响。从本次模拟实验结果看，体系温度升高、减少溶解氧、提高pH以及施以水动力作用，均可使底泥中的磷释放量增加，在常温（25℃）、厌氧、pH=7.5条件下，底泥中磷向水体的释放量将增加17％左右。     

金堆城超大型钼矿床水-岩δD-δ~(18)O同位素交换体系理论模型及成矿流体来源

基于水-岩δD-δ18O同位素交换体系理论模型的建立和计算，对金堆城超大型斑岩钼矿四个不同成矿期中成矿流体的演化和来源进行了研究，发现在成矿前期和早期，成矿流体为岩浆水与围岩在较低水／岩比值（0．1W／R＞0．001）和中、高温（t=250～500℃）条件下反应后的残余流体，而主成矿期和成矿晚期的成矿流作为大气降水在相对较高水／岩比值（0．5＞W／R0．1）和中、低温（t＝150～310℃）条件下与围岩反应后的残留流体。大气降水在金堆城钼矿成矿过程中起了重要作用。在主成矿期水／岩比值达到最高。