“引江济太”工程对太湖水体交换的影响研究

为了探究"引江济太"工程对太湖水体的交换范围及能力的影响，本研究耦合对流扩散及水体交换模型，依据不同流量与常规风场共设置10种工况，对太湖水体的交换区域及交换周期进行数值模拟.结果表明：（1）流量是影响水体交换率的主要因素，200m³/s下贡湾的半交换周期与常规风场联系不大，稳定在8~9d左右；（2）常规风场对局部交换区域的空间分布有着明显影响，在北风和西北风条件下，太湖水体的交换区域主要集中在东湖区，东风和东南风条件下，太湖水体的交换区域主要集中在西北湖区；（3）为降低长江水体对太湖水质的不利风险，"引江济太"工程引水时间/方案应结合太湖区域气象预报，尽量选择在以东风或者东南风为主的条件下进行引水工作.     

1952-2016年长江经济带天然与人为氮输入时空演变

过量氮输入是水体氮污染的关键驱动因子，解析氮输入的结构和时空变化模式成为氮素环境管理的重要基础和难点.基于1952—2016年长江经济带各地区氮活动数据，分别构建了天然氮输入和人为氮输入模型，评估了氮输入负荷的时空变化特征.结果表明：①长江经济带氮输入负荷总体越过EKC曲线拐点进入由增长向下降的发展阶段，拐点出现在人均GDP为35777~36299元·人^-1时，发生时间为"十二五"时期，主要原因是化肥和食物输入下降；②氮输入负荷存在显著的时空差异，东部地区表现为倒U型，中部为S型，西部为J型，表明氮负荷存在从东向西的空间转移，西部地区成为氮输入负荷增长的热点地区，这与东部地区化肥施用量下降有关；③人为输入是长江经济带氮输入的主要来源，输入量及其占总输入的比例均呈现显著的增长趋势，空间上表现为从西到东部逐步递增的变化规律，与氮驱动力分布一致；④植被的多年平均固氮量为1771 kg·km^-2·a^-1，其中，非农作物的固氮速率为763 kg·km^-2·a^-1，植被固氮量的年际波动较小，天然输入对长江经济带总体氮输入影响较小.     

Insights into multidimensional transport flux from vertical observation and numerical simulation in two cities in North China

This study represents the first quantitative evaluation of pollution transport budget within the boundary layer of typical cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region from the perspective of horizontal and vertical exchanges and further discusses the impact of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL)-free troposphere (FT) exchange on concentration of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) within the ABL during heavy pollution. From the perspective of the transport flux balance relationship, differences in pollution transport characteristics between the two cities is mainly reflected in the ABL-FT exchange effect. The FT mainly flowed into the ABL in BJ, while in SJZ, the outflow from the ABL to the FT was more intense. Combined with an analysis of vertical wind profile distribution, BJ was found to be more susceptible to the influence of northwest cold high prevailing in winter, while sinking of strong cold air allowed the FT flowing into the ABL influence the vertical exchange over BJ. In addition, we selected a typical pollution event for targeted analysis to understand mechanistic details of the influence of ABL-FT exchange on the pollution event. These results showed that ABL-FT interaction played an important role in PM_2.5 concentration within the ABL during heavy pollution. Especially in the early stage of heavy pollution, FT transport contributed as much as 82.74% of PM_2.5 within the ABL. These findings are significant for improving our understanding of pollution transport characteristics within the boundary layer and the effect of ABL-FT exchange on air quality.     

The buffering effects of aquatic sediments against acidic deposition

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天然矿石毒重石吸附硫酸盐废水的试验研究

利用天然矿石毒重石对硫酸盐废水进行吸附处理，在废水的pH=9，停留时间为80min左右时，该吸附剂具有较好的吸附效果。且该离子交换吸附法具有成本低、操作简单、无二次污染的优点。     

稀土作业者外周血淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体互换的观察

本文报告了 5 0例稀土作业工人外周血淋巴细胞姊妹染色单体互换 (SCE)的观察结果 ,其 SCE频率为 5 .49± 1.2 1(SCE/ cell,X SE) ,与 2 0例对照组相比 ,差异显莉 (P<0 .0 1)。随工令的延长 ,SCE频率为增高的趋势 ,但各工令组之间 ,经统计学处理 ,差异不显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。男工 SCE率高于女工 ,这可能与男工吸烟人数多于女工有前。我们认为 :SCE可作为稀土作业人员早期危害观察指标     

国际环境法中环境信息交流制度

环境信息国际交流制度，已成为国际环境法的一项基本法律制度，其内容涉及各国和国际组织在这项交流中的地位，作用及机构，权利和义务，交流范围和形式，这项制度对有效保护人类环境发挥了多方面积极作用，在尊重各国主权，合作取得和共同享有，支持发展中国家参与交流原则基础上，这项制度将日益丰富，多样，完善。     

Effect of domestic sewage on growth of phytoplankton-mathematical model

A mathematical model relating to the change in phytoplankton biomass in the period of growth and nutrient concentration in the media was proposed on the basis of the Monod equation and was testified by simulation experiments. Analysis of the experiment data showed that: the half-saturation constants for growth Kp (μmol/L) for Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Prorocentrum were 5.52, 1.90 and 0.46, respectively; the balance between stimulation of nutrients and the inhibition of some other materials was found in the effect of domestic sewage on algal growth and the stimulation played a leading role; domestic sewage was more stimulative on dinoflag-ellate than on diatom and chlorophyte when the assemblage of the algae was cultured. The experiment suggested that mathematical model reasonably explained the characteristics of phytoplankton growth in different nutrient conditions and was worthy to be further improved for eutrophication prediction in off-shore water.     

红树林系统处理牲畜废水营养盐的研究

在2种盐度条件下（淡水与盐度30的人工海水）通过温室盆栽系统对比研究了2种主红树植物木榄和秋茄对牲畜废水的处理效应。牲畜废水的加入使植物体P含量增加1－4倍，N含量增加0.04-1.30倍。淡水条件 下秋茄和木榄系统N的处理效率分别为84.3%和95.5%，海水条件 下则为92.7%和98.0%，淡水条件下秋茄和木榄系统P的处理效率分别为79.2%和91.8%，海水条件下则为88.0%和97.8%，盐度对秋茄植物体N的去除无显著效应。2种植物体对P的处理效率为4％，远比N的处理效率低，废水来源的营养 盐大多被土壤去除。     

氢氧同位素交换动力学及其地质意义

氢氧同位素交换动力学是同位素地球化学学科的前沿。它使同位素地球化学的研究由静态向动态、定性向定量、封闭体系向开放体系发展 ;为各种天然地质过程的研究定量提供有关的时间、温度、作用机制、演化途径及地质体的冷却史等重要信息。本文概述了氢氧同位素交换动力学参数、同位素交换动力学模式、在地学研究中的应用及实验测试新技术等。