碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石复合材料对水体F-的去除研究

以碳纳米管（CNT）和羟基磷灰石（HAP）为原料,通过原位合成法制备碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石（CdH）复合材料.利用XRD、FTIR、SEM与氮气吸附-脱附等表征其结构形貌,并通过静态吸附实验考察CdH对氟离子（F^-）的吸附性能.结果表明,室温下,CdH对F^-的吸附容量为11.05mg/g,明显高于HAP（5.02mg/g）.吸附动力学模型、Weber-Morris方程、Langmuir和Freundlich方程拟合结果表明,F^-在CdH表面进行Langmuir单分子层吸附,其吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,并且颗粒内部扩散起主要作用.pH值为6时有利于CdH对F^-的去除.此外,结合反应前后固样XPS分析可知CdH对F^-的吸附机制主要为离子交换作用.     

暴雨径流潜流过程及其对分层水库水质的影响

为探究汛期暴雨径流潜入演变过程及其对分层水库水质的影响,以西安金盆水库为研究对象,对2015年6月和2017年10月2次暴雨径流过程中各监测点水温、溶解氧、浊度、总氮、总磷和COD_Mn等水质指标进行持续监测.结果表明：径流量在300~400m³/s时,潜流经历全断面径流-底部潜流-中部潜流3个阶段,最终潜入主库区中部水体.暴雨径流的汇入使水库热分层结构稳定性受到一定破坏,中下部水体溶解氧得到补充.暴雨径流携带的大量泥沙及氮、磷营养盐等污染物质会对水库水质造成较大冲击,2015年6月暴雨径流使水库中层水体总氮、总磷、COD_Mn和浊度从1.60,0.021,3.70mg/L和5NTU增大为2.37,0.100,5.80mg/L和93NTU,水质污染特征为短时高污染负荷.     

An improved GC-ECD method for measuring atmospheric N2O

Gas chromatography equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) has been widely used for measuring atmospheric N2O,but nonlinear response and the influence of atmospheric CO2 have been recognized as defects for quantification.An original GCECD method using N 2 as carrier gas was improved by introducing a small flow rate of CO2 makeup gas into the ECD,which could well remedy the above defects.The N2O signal of the improved method was 4-fold higher than that of the original method and the relative standard deviation was reduced from > 1% to 0.31%.N2O concentrations with different CO2 concentrations (172.2×10-6-1722×10-6mol/mol) measured by the improved GC-ECD method were in line with the actual N2O concentrations.However,the N2O concentrations detected by the original method were largely biased with a variation range of-4.5%～7%.The N2O fluxes between an agricultural field and the atmosphere measured by the original method were greatly overestimated in comparison with those measured by the improved method.Good linear correlation (R2=0.9996) between the response of the improved ECD and N2O concentrations (93×10-9-1966×10-9mol/mol) indicated that atmospheric N2O could be accurately quantified via a single standard gas.Atmospheric N2O concentrations comparatively measured by the improved method and a high precision GC-ECD method were in good agreement.     

离子交换萃取-气质联用测定凝结水中有机酸

以某制药厂含有机酸凝结水为研究对象,建立了气质联用(GC-MS)测定有机酸的方法,研究了不同的进样方式及pH条件对离子交换萃取效率的影响。研究结果表明:GC-MS检测得到凝结水中含有甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、异丁酸和2-甲基丁酸8种有机酸,GC-MS能将这8种有机酸完全分开;GC-MS检测得到标准曲线线性为:0.999、0.999、0.999、0.999、0.999 8、0.999 8、0.999 7、0.999 2,标准偏差分别为0.05、0.09、0.05、0.02、0.02、0.05、0.06、0.06;调节水样pH值为7且进样0.2 mL时有机酸的回收率分别为92.55%、83.48%、92.38%、101.4%、93.82%、97.24%、92.87%、93.81%。     

生化-混凝-吸附-离子交换工艺处理电镀废水

采用生物接触氧化-混凝沉淀-磁性树脂吸附-离子交换组合工艺对某公司排出的电镀综合废水进行处理,系统地阐述了各处理单元对废水的处理效果,经该工艺处理后的废水能稳定达到GB 21900—2008《电镀污染物排放标准》表3水污染物特别排放标准。     

水/气界面间汞交换通量的研究进展展

本文综述了近年来国内外大量文献,对有关水体和大气中汞的存在形态、特性及水/气间汞交换通量的影响因素进行了总结,描述了目前国内外相关领域的研究现状,并对该领域下一步的研究方向进行了探讨.     

Modeling seasonal course of carbon fluxes and evapotranspiration in response to low temperature and moisture in a boreal Scots pine ecosystem

Environmental conditions act above and below ground, and regulate carbon fluxes and evapotranspiration. The productivity of boreal forest ecosystems is strongly governed by low temperature and moisture conditions, but the understanding of various feedbacks between vegetation and environmental conditions is still unclear. In order to quantify the seasonal responses of vegetation to environmental factors, the seasonality of carbon and heat fluxes and the corresponding responses for temperature and moisture in air and soil were simulated by merging a process-based model (CoupModel) with detailed measurements representing various components of a forest ecosystem in Hyytiälä, southern Finland. The uncertainties in parameters, model assumptions, and measurements were identified by generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE). Seasonal and diurnal courses of sensible and latent heat fluxes and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO₂ were successfully simulated for two contrasting years. Moreover, systematic increases in efficiency of photosynthesis, water uptake, and decomposition occurred from spring to summer, demonstrating the strong coupling between processes. Evapotranspiration and NEE flux both showed a strong response to soil temperature conditions via different direct and indirect ecosystem mechanisms. The rate of photosynthesis was strongly correlated with the corresponding water uptake response and the light use efficiency. With the present data and model assumptions, it was not possible to precisely distinguish the various regulating ecosystem mechanisms. Our approach proved robust for modeling the seasonal course of carbon fluxes and evapotranspiration by combining different independent measurements. It will be highly interesting to continue using long-term series data and to make additional tests of optional stomatal conductance models in order to improve our understanding of the boreal forest ecosystem in response to climate variability and environmental conditions.     

青枯菌不同色谱峰组分的细胞表面特性

将高效离子交换色谱应用于植物重要致病菌——青枯菌的分离分析.青枯菌纯培养物经过色谱分离得到3个特征峰,收集3个色谱峰组分进行形态观察和生理生化鉴定,结果表明3个组分均属于青枯菌生化Ⅲ型;进一步分析发现,3个色谱峰组分在质粒DNA、细胞表面鞭毛菌毛蛋白含量和全细胞脂多糖成分方面无明显差异,但细胞表面黏附的胞外酸性多糖EPSⅠ含量差异显著;3个色谱峰青枯菌细胞表面疏水性的测定结果也证实了EPSⅠ是造成不同青枯菌细胞色谱行为差异的主要原因.高效离子交换色谱为细菌活细胞的研究提供了一种新方法.图4表2参15     

青岛城市污水厂污泥有机质、养分及重金属含量

对青岛市4个典型城市污水厂脱水污泥中有机质、养分及重金属指标进行了调查研究,结果表明,所调查的青岛市4个典型城市污水厂污泥中的有机质平均含量为48.58%,总氮、总磷、总钾平均含量分别为36 437.76 mg/kg、12 590.13 mg/kg2、791.55 mg/kg;青岛市4个典型城市污水厂脱水污泥中的重金属...